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Method for Quantifying Supply and Demand of Construction Minerals in Urban Regions—A Case Study of Hanoi and Its Hinterland

Author

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  • Georg Schiller

    (Research Area Resource Efficiency of Settlement Structures, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberplatz 1, 01217 Dresden, Germany)

  • Tamara Bimesmeier

    (Research Area Resource Efficiency of Settlement Structures, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberplatz 1, 01217 Dresden, Germany)

  • Anh T.V. Pham

    (Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

Abstract

Urbanization is a global trend: Since 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population have been living in urban areas, and rates of urbanization are continuing to rise everywhere. This growth in urbanization has led to an increased demand for natural resources, in particular non-metallic minerals such as stones, sand and clay, which account for one third of the entire flow of materials. Generally, these materials are traded within regional markets. This close geographical link between the demand for building materials in urban areas and the material supply in the hinterland leads to massive interventions in the natural environment and landscape. These urban–rural linkages can be revealed by applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to the built environment in order to trace the flows of building materials. The objective of this paper is to present a method for quantifying regional material flows by considering the supply and demand of building materials. This will be applied to the Vietnamese case study area of Hanoi and its hinterland province Hoa Binh. The results indicate a consumption of almost 60% of the construction mineral reserves in total secured by planning in the hinterland province considering a period of 15 years. However, this does not allow for the general conclusion that raw materials are sufficiently available. The sand reservoirs are only sufficient for eight years and clay reserves are used up after four years. This increases the need to exploit further raw material reserves, which are becoming increasingly scarce and results in stronger interventions in nature In order to safeguard the hinterland from the negative impacts of urbanization, a new understanding of resource efficiency is needed—one that acknowledges both resource efficiency in the construction of urban structures and appropriate resource conservation in the provision of the raw materials from the hinterland. This will require the creation of new integrated planning approaches between urban and regional planning authorities. Regional MFA is one way of realising such an approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Georg Schiller & Tamara Bimesmeier & Anh T.V. Pham, 2020. "Method for Quantifying Supply and Demand of Construction Minerals in Urban Regions—A Case Study of Hanoi and Its Hinterland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:11:p:4358-:d:363107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Georg Schiller & Alessio Miatto & Karin Gruhler & Regine Ortlepp & Clemens Deilmann & Hiroki Tanikawa, 2019. "Transferability of Material Composition Indicators for Residential Buildings: A Conceptual Approach Based on a German‐Japanese Comparison," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(4), pages 796-807, August.
    2. Petra Schneider & Klaus-Dieter Oswald & Wolfgang Riedel & Andreas Meyer & Georg Schiller & Tamara Bimesmeier & Viet Anh Pham Thi & Long Nguyen Khac, 2018. "Engineering Perspectives and Environmental Life Cycle Optimization to Enhance Aggregate Mining in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, February.
    3. Hiroki Tanikawa & Tomer Fishman & Keijiro Okuoka & Kenji Sugimoto, 2015. "The Weight of Society Over Time and Space: A Comprehensive Account of the Construction Material Stock of Japan, 1945–2010," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 19(5), pages 778-791, October.
    4. Meidad Kissinger & Abraham Haim, 2008. "Urban hinterlands—the case of an Israeli town ecological footprint," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 391-405, August.
    5. David Laner & Helmut Rechberger & Thomas Astrup, 2014. "Systematic Evaluation of Uncertainty in Material Flow Analysis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 18(6), pages 859-870, December.
    6. Georg Schiller & Karin Gruhler & Regine Ortlepp, 2017. "Continuous Material Flow Analysis Approach for Bulk Nonmetallic Mineral Building Materials Applied to the German Building Sector," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 21(3), pages 673-688, June.
    7. Thi Cuc Nguyen & Tomer Fishman & Alessio Miatto & Hiroki Tanikawa, 2019. "Estimating the Material Stock of Roads: The Vietnamese Case Study," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(3), pages 663-673, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mennat-Allah El-Husseiny & Hamdy El-Setouhy, 2022. "Reviving Low-Tech Modes of Construction as a Method for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Ronny Meglin & Susanne Kytzia & Guillaume Habert, 2022. "Regional circular economy of building materials: Environmental and economic assessment combining Material Flow Analysis, Input‐Output Analyses, and Life Cycle Assessment," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(2), pages 562-576, April.
    3. Vincent Augiseau & Eunhye Kim, 2021. "Inflows and Outflows from Material Stocks of Buildings and Networks and their Space-Differentiated Drivers: The Case Study of the Paris Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Rafaela Tirado & Adélaïde Aublet & Sylvain Laurenceau & Mathieu Thorel & Mathilde Louërat & Guillaume Habert, 2021. "Component-Based Model for Building Material Stock and Waste-Flow Characterization: A Case in the Île-de-France Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-34, November.
    5. Georg Schiller & Julia Roscher, 2023. "Impact of urbanization on construction material consumption: A global analysis," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 27(3), pages 1021-1036, June.
    6. Naveedh Ahmed S. & Le Hung Anh & Petra Schneider, 2020. "A DPSIR Assessment on Ecosystem Services Challenges in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Coping with the Impacts of Sand Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-29, November.

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