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Variability of Air Temperature, Precipitation and Outflows in the Vistula Basin (Poland)

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  • Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka

    (Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland)

Abstract

This study examines trends in temperature, precipitation and discharge rates over a 65-year observation period (1951–2015) and compares the two sub-periods 1951–1980 and 1981–2015. The research was carried out on annual and monthly values. The research area is the basin of the Vistula, the largest river in Poland. The main aim of the study was to assess how changes in air temperature and precipitation in the Vistula basin have translated into river hydrology. In the 65-year study period, a lack of statistically significant trends in outflow prevailed. Compared to the full period 1951–2015, the sub-period 1951–1980 stood out for its statistically significant increase in annual average outflows. In the years 1981–2015 a slight falling trend in outflow of the Vistula was noted, though the values were not statistically significant. This was caused by significant warming during this period (an increase in air temperature of between 0.27 and 0.45 °C per decade, depending on location) and a slight increase in precipitation. Seasonal changes in outflows were more volatile. The results indicate that the Vistula’s water resources have fallen slightly as a result of changes in air temperature and precipitation and due to the river’s significant hydrological inertia, which in turn results from the catchment being very large and physiographically diverse.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, 2020. "Variability of Air Temperature, Precipitation and Outflows in the Vistula Basin (Poland)," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-26, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:103-:d:404858
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz & Piotr Matczak, 2012. "Climate change regional review: Poland," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(4), pages 297-311, July.
    2. Günter Blöschl & Julia Hall & Alberto Viglione & Rui A. P. Perdigão & Juraj Parajka & Bruno Merz & David Lun & Berit Arheimer & Giuseppe T. Aronica & Ardian Bilibashi & Miloň Boháč & Ognjen Bonacci & , 2019. "Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods," Nature, Nature, vol. 573(7772), pages 108-111, September.
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