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Managing and Reforesting Degraded Post-Mining Landscape in Indonesia: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Pratiwi

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Budi H. Narendra

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Chairil A. Siregar

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Maman Turjaman

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Asep Hidayat

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Henti H. Rachmat

    (Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia)

  • Budi Mulyanto

    (Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Suwardi

    (Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Iskandar

    (Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Rizki Maharani

    (Dipterocarp Ecosystem Research and Development Centre, Jl. AW Syahrani No. 68, Samarinda 75124, Indonesia)

  • Yaya Rayadin

    (Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Jl. KH Dewantara, Samarinda 75123, Indonesia
    Ecology and Conservation Center for Tropical Studies (Ecositrop), Komplek Talang Sari Regency Cluster Dahlia No. AA74, Samarinda 75118, Indonesia)

  • Retno Prayudyaningsih

    (Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar, Jl. P. Kemerdekaan Km. 16, Makassar 90243, Indonesia)

  • Tri Wira Yuwati

    (Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Banjarbaru, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Km. 28,7, Banjarbaru 70722, Indonesia)

  • Ricksy Prematuri

    (Research Centre for Bioresource and Biotechnology, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia)

  • Arida Susilowati

    (Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tridharma Ujung No. 1, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

Abstract

Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the different success rates for different site characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Pratiwi & Budi H. Narendra & Chairil A. Siregar & Maman Turjaman & Asep Hidayat & Henti H. Rachmat & Budi Mulyanto & Suwardi & Iskandar & Rizki Maharani & Yaya Rayadin & Retno Prayudyaningsih & Tri Wi, 2021. "Managing and Reforesting Degraded Post-Mining Landscape in Indonesia: A Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-29, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:658-:d:578847
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Solange Filoso & Maíra Ometto Bezerra & Katherine C B Weiss & Margaret A Palmer, 2017. "Impacts of forest restoration on water yield: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(8), pages 1-26, August.
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    3. Vesna Popović & Jelena Živanović Miljković & Jonel Subić & Andrei Jean-Vasile & Nedelcu Adrian & Eugen Nicolăescu, 2015. "Sustainable Land Management in Mining Areas in Serbia and Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-21, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Budi Hadi Narendra & Chairil Anwar Siregar & I Wayan Susi Dharmawan & Asep Sukmana & Pratiwi & Irfan Budi Pramono & Tyas Mutiara Basuki & Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Agung Budi Supangat & Purw, 2021. "A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-29, October.
    2. Walter Timo de Vries & Iwan Rudiarto, 2023. "Testing and Enhancing the 8R Framework of Responsible Land Management with Documented Strategies and Effects of Land Reclamation Projects in Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Jinhui Chen & Izhar Mithal Jiskani & Guoqing Li, 2023. "Ecological Restoration of Coalmine-Degraded Lands: Influence of Plant Species and Revegetation on Soil Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Oimahmad Rahmonov & Jacek Różkowski & Grzegorz Klys, 2022. "The Managing and Restoring of Degraded Land in Post-Mining Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-3, February.
    5. Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho & Tyas Mutiara Basuki & Irfan Budi Pramono & Endang Savitri & Purwanto & Dewi Retna Indrawati & Nining Wahyuningrum & Rahardyan Nugroho Adi & Yonky Indrajaya & Agung , 2022. "Forty Years of Soil and Water Conservation Policy, Implementation, Research and Development in Indonesia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-33, March.

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