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Respiratory Health Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution and the Efficacy of Local Risk Communication in Quito, Ecuador

Author

Listed:
  • Jiang Zhou

    (Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA)

  • Laura Gladson

    (Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA)

  • Valeria Díaz Suárez

    (Secretaría de Ambiente del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Quito 170138, Ecuador)

  • Kevin Cromar

    (Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
    Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
    Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA)

Abstract

Relatively few studies on the adverse health impacts of outdoor air pollution have been conducted in Latin American cities, whose pollutant mixtures and baseline health risks are distinct from North America, Europe, and Asia. This study evaluates respiratory morbidity risk associated with ambient air pollution in Quito, Ecuador, and specifically evaluates if the local air quality index accurately reflects population-level health risks. Poisson generalized linear models using air pollution, meteorological, and hospital admission data from 2014 to 2015 were run to quantify the associations of air pollutants and index values with respiratory outcomes in single- and multi-pollutant models. Significant associations were observed for increased respiratory hospital admissions and ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), although some of these associations were attenuated in two-pollutant models. Significant associations were also observed for index values, but these values were driven almost entirely by daily O 3 concentrations. Modifications to index formulation to more fully incorporate the health risks of multiple pollutants, particularly for NO 2 , have the potential to greatly improve risk communication in Quito. This work also increases the equity of the existing global epidemiological literature by adding new air pollution health risk values from a highly understudied region of the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang Zhou & Laura Gladson & Valeria Díaz Suárez & Kevin Cromar, 2023. "Respiratory Health Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution and the Efficacy of Local Risk Communication in Quito, Ecuador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(14), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:14:p:6326-:d:1189640
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhipeng Zhu & Yuxuan Qiao & Qunyue Liu & Conghua Lin & Emily Dang & Weicong Fu & Guangyu Wang & Jianwen Dong, 2021. "The impact of meteorological conditions on Air Quality Index under different urbanization gradients: a case from Taipei," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 3994-4010, March.
    2. van Buuren, Stef & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin, 2011. "mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 45(i03).
    3. Alison L. Sexton Ward & Timothy K. M. Beatty, 2016. "Who Responds to Air Quality Alerts?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 65(2), pages 487-511, October.
    4. Magali A. Delmas & Aanchal Kohli, 2020. "Can Apps Make Air Pollution Visible? Learning About Health Impacts Through Engagement with Air Quality Information," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 161(2), pages 279-302, January.
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