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Educational Interventions to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Mengyue Zhang

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Janet W. H. Sit

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Dorothy Ngo Sheung Chan

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Oluwadamilare Akingbade

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

  • Carmen W. H. Chan

    (The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

Abstract

The urban–rural gap in cervical cancer screening uptake is a significant public health consideration. Educational interventions are commonly adopted to promote cervical cancer screening among females in rural areas; however, the characteristics and effectiveness of these educational interventions remain unclear. In this review, we aimed to identify the characteristics of educational interventions used in rural populations and to evaluate the effects of these interventions on cervical cancer screening-related outcomes. Seven English databases were searched in January 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies were used for quality appraisal. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted in instances where a meta-analysis was inappropriate. Three RCTs and seven quasi-experimental studies conducted in six countries were included. A social cognitive theory-based framework, the community setting, group sessions, healthcare professional-led approaches, and culture-tailored materials were implemented in the educational interventions for cervical cancer screening. The educational content mainly included basic information on cervical cancer screening, psychological issues, barriers and strategies to overcome them, and locally available resources. Educational interventions increased the knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer screening in the rural population. However, the studies only evaluated the short-term effects of these educational interventions, with the cervical screening behavior only being assessed in one instance for each participant. Educational interventions promote cervical cancer screening among females in rural areas. Theory-driven, community-involved, group-based, and healthcare professional-led approaches should be prioritized in the application of educational interventions in rural populations. Both the short- and long-term, influences of educational interventions on the cervical cancer screening behavior of females in rural areas need to be recognized.

Suggested Citation

  • Mengyue Zhang & Janet W. H. Sit & Dorothy Ngo Sheung Chan & Oluwadamilare Akingbade & Carmen W. H. Chan, 2022. "Educational Interventions to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6874-:d:831565
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hart, L.G. & Larson, E.H. & Lishner, D.M., 2005. "Rural definitions for health policy and research," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(7), pages 1149-1155.
    2. Weinhold, Ines & Gurtner, Sebastian, 2014. "Understanding shortages of sufficient health care in rural areas," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(2), pages 201-214.
    3. Carmen W. H. Chan & Kai Chow Choi & Rosa S. Wong & Ka Ming Chow & Winnie K. W. So & Doris Y. P. Leung & Wendy W. T. Lam & William Goggins, 2016. "Examining the Cervical Screening Behaviour of Women Aged 50 or above and Its Predicting Factors: A Population-Based Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    1. Antonio Sarría-Santamera & Antonio Simone Laganà & Milan Terzic, 2022. "Women’s Health and Gynecology: Old Challenges and New Insights," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-6, December.

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