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Effectiveness of Horticultural Therapy in People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Shan Lu

    (College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100069, China
    Shan Lu and Yajie Zhao are co-first authors of the article.)

  • Yajie Zhao

    (School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100069, China
    Shan Lu and Yajie Zhao are co-first authors of the article.)

  • Jianjiao Liu

    (College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100069, China)

  • Feng Xu

    (College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100069, China)

  • Zhiwen Wang

    (School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100069, China)

Abstract

Horticultural therapy is increasingly being used in the non-pharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia, with previous studies demonstrating its therapeutic effects. The healing outcomes are positively correlated with the settings of the intervention. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on the symptoms, rehabilitation outcomes, quality of life, and social functioning in people with schizophrenia, and the different effectiveness in hospital and non-hospital environments. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. We researched studies through PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies about horticultural therapy for people with schizophrenia, from January 2000 to December 2020, with a total of 23 studies involving 2024 people with schizophrenia included in this systematic review. This study provided evidence supporting the positive effect of horticultural therapy. This review demonstrated that non-hospital environments have a better therapeutic effect on all indicators than hospital environments. The results also demonstrated the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on symptoms, rehabilitation outcomes, quality of life, and social functioning in patients in hospital and non-hospital environments, providing further evidence-based support for landscape design.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan Lu & Yajie Zhao & Jianjiao Liu & Feng Xu & Zhiwen Wang, 2021. "Effectiveness of Horticultural Therapy in People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:964-:d:485526
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Giuseppina Spano & Marina D’Este & Vincenzo Giannico & Giuseppe Carrus & Mario Elia & Raffaele Lafortezza & Angelo Panno & Giovanni Sanesi, 2020. "Are Community Gardening and Horticultural Interventions Beneficial for Psychosocial Well-Being? A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei Yu & Jie Tong & Xirong Sun & Fazhan Chen & Jie Zhang & Yu Pei & Tingting Zhang & Jiechun Zhang & Binggen Zhu, 2021. "Analysis of Medication Adherence and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Schizophrenia in the Chinese Institutional Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-10, April.

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