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A Latent Class Analysis of Health Lifestyles in Relation to Suicidality among Adolescents in Mauritius

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  • Fanny Hoogstoel

    (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Sékou Samadoulougou

    (Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
    Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada)

  • Vincent Lorant

    (Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium)

  • Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou

    (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik, 808, Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium)

Abstract

Suicidality, which includes suicidal thoughts, planning, and suicide attempts, results mainly from a combination of psychological, sociological, and environmental factors. Despite a high prevalence of suicidality among adolescents in Africa, only a few studies have considered these factors simultaneously. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of suicidality, to draw up profiles of concomitant risks, and to examine the associations between these profiles and suicidality in Mauritius. This study used data from the 2017 Mauritian Global School-based Student Health Survey including 3012 adolescents with a mean age of 14.9 ± 1.4 years. Factors related to lifestyle such as consumptions of alcohol and tobacco, physical activity, violence, parental support, anxiety, and loneliness were considered. A latent class analysis was performed to identify the profiles. Finally, a modified Poisson regression analysis with generalized estimating equations, adjusted with sociodemographic characteristics, was used to assess the association between these profiles and suicidality. Overall, more than one in ten adolescents had at least one of the suicidality behaviors. Three profiles were identified: 1 = “low risk group” (63.9%); 2 = “problems with violence” (15.2%); 3 = “problems with violence, alcohol, tobacco and psychological distress” (20.9%). Profiles 2 and 3 were mainly made up of males. Adolescents under 15 represented the majority of individuals in profile 2. Finally, the risk of suicidality was higher in adolescents belonging to profiles 2 and 3 compared to profile 1 for the three suicidality behaviors (profile 3: Prevalence ratio (PR) for suicidal thoughts = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.19–1.34; PR for planning = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.17–1.30; PR for attempt = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.17–1.29). This study highlights the high prevalence of suicidality and a list of concomitant risks, emphasizing this suicidality in Mauritian adolescents. Therefore, these results recommend focusing preventive efforts toward a simultaneous consideration of these factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Fanny Hoogstoel & Sékou Samadoulougou & Vincent Lorant & Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, 2021. "A Latent Class Analysis of Health Lifestyles in Relation to Suicidality among Adolescents in Mauritius," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6934-:d:584147
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jeffrey Frankel, 2014. "Mauritius: African Success Story," NBER Chapters, in: African Successes, Volume IV: Sustainable Growth, pages 295-342, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Linzer, Drew A. & Lewis, Jeffrey B., 2011. "poLCA: An R Package for Polytomous Variable Latent Class Analysis," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 42(i10).
    3. Karl Peltzer & Supa Pengpid, 2015. "Early Substance Use Initiation and Suicide Ideation and Attempts among School-Aged Adolescents in Four Pacific Island Countries in Oceania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Ramesh Durbarry, 2004. "Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Mauritius," Tourism Economics, , vol. 10(4), pages 389-401, December.
    5. Bingdong Song & Weirong Hu & Wanxia Hu & Rong Yang & Danlin Li & Chunyu Guo & Zhengmei Xia & Jie Hu & Fangbiao Tao & Jun Fang & Shichen Zhang, 2020. "Physical Disorders are Associated with Health Risk Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-14, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fanny Hoogstoel & Lucresse Corine Fassinou & Sékou Samadoulougou & Céline Mahieu & Yves Coppieters & Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, 2021. "Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Health Lifestyle Profiles and Their Association with Suicidality among Adolescents in Benin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-12, August.

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