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Confinement Situation of the Spanish Population during the Health Crisis of COVID-19: Resilience Mediation Process in the Relationship of Dispositional Optimism and Psychological Well-Being

Author

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  • Antonio Zayas

    (Departamento de Psicología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Ana Merchán-Clavellino

    (Departamento de Psicología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain)

  • José Antonio López-Sánchez

    (Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain)

  • Rocío Guil

    (Departamento de Psicología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Campus Universitario de Jerez, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., Universidad de Cádiz, 11405 Cádiz, Spain)

Abstract

The pandemic generated by COVID-19 is one of the most complex challenges humanity has faced in recent years. This study aims to explore the levels of dispositional optimism, resilience and psychological well-being in the sociodemographic and economic situation produced during the state of alarm and to investigate the resilience mediation between optimism and psychological well-being. The sample included 566 volunteers from Spain (73.5% women; M = 40.2 years, SD = 12.8). An ad hoc questionnaire was applied to request socioeconomic data and dispositional optimism (LOT-R). Resilience and psychological well-being were, respectively, evaluated by the Ryff scale and the Wagnild and Young scale. The results show that older and people with higher educational levels are more optimistic and have better psychological well-being. Well-being is also greater in married, divorced and widowed people and in those who have lived in outdoor spaces. However, those with spaced housing were more optimistic. Finally, it was found that the most optimistic people have better psychological well-being and that this is increased by the mediation process exercised by the ability to overcome adversity, provided age and educational level are controlled. It can be concluded that the design of preventive programs focused on improving strengths, positive emotions and skills in the population would be convenient to protect mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Zayas & Ana Merchán-Clavellino & José Antonio López-Sánchez & Rocío Guil, 2021. "Confinement Situation of the Spanish Population during the Health Crisis of COVID-19: Resilience Mediation Process in the Relationship of Dispositional Optimism and Psychological Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6190-:d:570830
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lidia Farré & Yarine Fawaz & Libertad González Luna & Jennifer Graves, 2020. "How the covid-19 lockdown affected gender Inequality in paid and unpaid work in Spain," Economics Working Papers 1728, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    2. Alberto Sardella & Vittorio Lenzo & George A. Bonanno & Giorgio Basile & Maria C. Quattropani, 2021. "Expressive Flexibility and Dispositional Optimism Contribute to the Elderly’s Resilience and Health-Related Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    4. Gardner, Jonathan & Oswald, Andrew J., 2007. "Money and mental wellbeing: A longitudinal study of medium-sized lottery wins," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 49-60, January.
    5. Necla Kapikiran, 2012. "Positive and Negative Affectivity as Mediator and Moderator of the Relationship between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Turkish University Students," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(2), pages 333-345, April.
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    1. Rong Zou & Xiaobin Hong & Gaoxia Wei & Xia Xu & Jiajin Yuan, 2022. "Differential Effects of Optimism and Pessimism on Adolescents’ Subjective Well-Being: Mediating Roles of Reappraisal and Acceptance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.

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