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Prenatal HIV Test Uptake and Its Associated Factors for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in East Africa

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  • Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn

    (Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 1560, Ethiopia)

  • Virginia Stulz

    (School of Nursing and Midwifery Centre for Nursing and Midwifery Research, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2340, Australia)

  • Kingsley E. Agho

    (School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 3629, South Africa)

  • Haider Mannan

    (Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Elizabeth Conroy

    (Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)

  • Felix Akpojene Ogbo

    (Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
    General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi 972261, Nigeria)

Abstract

Identifying the socioeconomic and structural issues that act as enablers and/or barriers to HIV testing services is critical in combatting HIV/AIDS amongst mothers and children in Africa. In this study, we used a weighted sample of 46,645 women aged 15–49 who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey from the recent DHS dataset of ten East African countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated with prenatal HIV test uptake in East Africa. The overall prenatal HIV test uptake for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV was 80.8% (95% CI: 74.5–78.9%) in East Africa, with highest in Rwanda (97.9%, 95% CI: 97.2–98.3%) and lowest in Comoros (17.0%, 95% CI: 13.9–20.7%). Common factors associated with prenatal HIV test service uptake were higher maternal education level (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10–1.50 for primary education and AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.51 for secondary or higher education), higher partner education level (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06–1.45 for primary education and AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.26–1.94 for secondary or higher school), women from higher household wealth index (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.50 for middle wealth index; AOR = 1.57; 95% CL: 1.17–2.11 for rich wealth index), improved maternal exposure to the media, and increased awareness about MTCT of HIV. However, residents living in rural communities (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51–0.85) and travelling long distances to the health facility (AOR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.69–0.91) were associated with non-use of prenatal HIV test service in East African countries. In each East African country, factors associated with prenatal HIV test uptake for PMTCT varied. In conclusion, the pooled prenatal HIV test uptake for PMTCT of HIV was low in East Africa compared to the global target. Scaling up interventions to improve enablers whilst addressing barriers to the use of prenatal HIV test services are essential to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic in East African countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn & Virginia Stulz & Kingsley E. Agho & Haider Mannan & Elizabeth Conroy & Felix Akpojene Ogbo, 2021. "Prenatal HIV Test Uptake and Its Associated Factors for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in East Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5289-:d:555625
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David E. Sahn & David C. Stifel, 2003. "Urban--Rural Inequality in Living Standards in Africa," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 12(4), pages 564-597, December.
    2. Habtamu Tolera & Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher & Helmut Kloos, 2020. "Using Andersen’s behavioral model of health care utilization in a decentralized program to examine the use of antenatal care in rural western Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Yohannes Ejigu & Biniyam Tadesse, 2018. "HIV testing during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Elin C Larsson & Anna Ekéus Thorson & George Pariyo & Peter Waiswa & Daniel Kadobera & Gaetano Marrone & Anna Mia Ekström, 2012. "Missed Opportunities: Barriers to HIV Testing during Pregnancy from a Population Based Cohort Study in Rural Uganda," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(8), pages 1-8, August.
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