IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i5p887-d212828.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determination of Metal Content of Waste Mobile Phones and Estimation of Their Recovery Potential in Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • Merve Sahan

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 3432, Turkey)

  • Mehmet Ali Kucuker

    (Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, TUHH—Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
    Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Terzioğlu Campus, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey)

  • Burak Demirel

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 3432, Turkey)

  • Kerstin Kuchta

    (Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, TUHH—Hamburg University of Technology, Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Andrew Hursthouse

    (Computing Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK)

Abstract

Waste mobile phones constitute one of the fastest growing Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) types all over the world due to technological innovations and shortening of their life span. They contain a complex mix of various materials, such as basic metals, precious metals and rare earth elements and represent an important secondary raw metal source. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the metal concentration of waste mobile phones by optimizing the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) operation parameters and estimate the metal recovery potential of waste mobile phones in Turkey. Therefore, selected mobile phone samples collected from a recycling center in Turkey were analyzed to determine their metal concentrations. Then, the theoretical recovery potentials of precious and rare earth metals from waste mobile phones were estimated for Turkey. The analytical methods optimized in this study can help further research activities to obtain comprehensive data for determination of the critical metals (precious metals and rare earth elements) in WEEE samples so that proper recycling and recovery strategies can be selected and implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • Merve Sahan & Mehmet Ali Kucuker & Burak Demirel & Kerstin Kuchta & Andrew Hursthouse, 2019. "Determination of Metal Content of Waste Mobile Phones and Estimation of Their Recovery Potential in Turkey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:5:p:887-:d:212828
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/887/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/5/887/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Agamuthu, P. & Kasapo, Pearson & Mohd Nordin, Nurul Ain, 2015. "E-waste flow among selected institutions of higher learning using material flow analysis model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 177-185.
    2. Borthakur, Anwesha & Govind, Madhav, 2017. "Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 102-113.
    3. Mallawarachchi, Harshani & Karunasena, Gayani, 2012. "Electronic and electrical waste management in Sri Lanka: Suggestions for national policy enhancements," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 44-53.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Stine Eriksen Hammer & Stephen L. Dorn & Emmanuel Dartey & Balázs Berlinger & Yngvar Thomassen & Dag G. Ellingsen, 2022. "Occupational Exposure among Electronic Repair Workers in Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.
    2. Xiao-Shan Yang & Xiao-Xue Zheng & Tian-Yu Zhang & Ying Du & Fengru Long, 2021. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Fund Policy: Current Status and Evaluation of Implementation in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-27, December.
    3. Jariya Budnard & Sutha Khaodhiar, 2022. "Estimating the Generation of Discarded Mobile Phones and Highlighting Areas for Recycling Precious Metals from Printed Circuit Boards in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Zeynep Ozsut Bogar & Askiner Gungor, 2023. "Forecasting Waste Mobile Phone (WMP) Quantity and Evaluating the Potential Contribution to the Circular Economy: A Case Study of Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-38, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Borthakur, Anwesha & Govind, Madhav, 2017. "Emerging trends in consumers’ E-waste disposal behaviour and awareness: A worldwide overview with special focus on India," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 117(PB), pages 102-113.
    2. Dhiya Durani Sofian Azizi & Marlia M. Hanafiah & Kok Sin Woon, 2023. "Material Flow Analysis in WEEE Management for Circular Economy: A Content Review on Applications, Limitations, and Future Outlook," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    3. Puca, Antonio & Carrano, Marco & Liu, Gengyuan & Musella, Dimitri & Ripa, Maddalena & Viglia, Silvio & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2017. "Energy and eMergy assessment of the production and operation of a personal computer," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 124-136.
    4. Jamie Wordsworth & Nadia Khan & Jack Blackburn & Jason E. Camp & Athanasios Angelis-Dimakis, 2021. "Technoeconomic Assessment of Organic Halide Based Gold Recovery from Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Thavalingam, Vyshnavi & Karunasena, Gayani, 2016. "Mobile phone waste management in developing countries: A case of Sri Lanka," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 34-43.
    6. Gautam, Ayush & Shankar, Ravi & Vrat, Prem, 2022. "Managing end-of-life solar photovoltaic e-waste in India: A circular economy approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 287-300.
    7. Kant, Vivek & Tapia, Ridhima & Mondal, Saikat, 2022. "Sustainability of mobile IT sector in industrially developing countries by supporting repairability," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(6).
    8. Kilic, Huseyin Selcuk & Cebeci, Ufuk & Ayhan, Mustafa Batuhan, 2015. "Reverse logistics system design for the waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Turkey," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 120-132.
    9. Wang, Zhen & Duan, Yongrui & Huo, Jiazhen, 2022. "The impact of government intervention measures on recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in China considering consumer decision," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    10. Imran, Muhammad & Haydar, Sajjad & Kim, Junbeum & Awan, Muhammad Rizwan & Bhatti, Amanat Ali, 2017. "E-waste flows, resource recovery and improvement of legal framework in Pakistan," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 131-138.
    11. Bouzon, Marina & Govindan, Kannan & Rodriguez, Carlos M.Taboada & Campos, Lucila M.S., 2016. "Identification and analysis of reverse logistics barriers using fuzzy Delphi method and AHP," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 182-197.
    12. Jenni Ylä-Mella & Riitta L. Keiski & Eva Pongrácz, 2022. "End-of-Use vs. End-of-Life: When Do Consumer Electronics Become Waste?," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-14, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:5:p:887-:d:212828. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.