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Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao Li

    (Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

  • Xiaofan Guo

    (Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

  • Hongkun Jiang

    (Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

  • Guozhe Sun

    (Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

  • Yingxian Sun

    (Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

  • Maria Roselle Abraham

    (Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)

Abstract

Background : There is a lack of study on the relation between undiagnosed diabetes and depression in the general population. Methods : A total of 11,531 adults were examined using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample of individuals who were at least 35 years old. Subjects were classified into three groups: no diabetes (ND), diagnosed diabetes (DD), and undiagnosed diabetes (UD). The participants were surveyed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results : Of all the 11,531 participants, the prevalence of depression was higher in the DD group than in the other two groups. Multi variable logistic regression analyses show that the DD group had significantly higher odds for depression compared with the ND group ( p < 0.01), while the UD group showed no significant differences compared to the ND group. Subgroup analyses show that diagnosed diabetes in subjects with a lower educational level, compared with subjects with an educational level of high school or above, had higher odds for a PHQ-9 score ≥5 ( p < 0.01). Conclusion : In this general population, diagnosed but not undiagnosed diabetes was significantly associated with depression. Much higher odds for depression were found among diagnosed diabetic individuals with a lower level of education.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao Li & Xiaofan Guo & Hongkun Jiang & Guozhe Sun & Yingxian Sun & Maria Roselle Abraham, 2016. "Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:11:p:1136-:d:82817
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shasha Yu & Zhaoqing Sun & Liqiang Zheng & Xiaofan Guo & Hongmei Yang & Yingxian Sun, 2015. "Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Hypertensive Adults in Rural China: Far from Leveling-Off," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Leone, Tiziana & Coast, Ernestina & Narayanan, Shilpa & De-Graft Aikins, Ama, 2012. "Diabetes and depression comorbidity and socio-economic status in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a mapping of the evidence," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 47482, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Chaoyang Li & Earl Ford & Guixiang Zhao & Tara Strine & Satvinder Dhingra & Lawrence Barker & Joyce Berry & Ali Mokdad, 2009. "Association between diagnosed diabetes and serious psychological distress among U.S. adults: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(1), pages 43-51, June.
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