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Catalytic Conversion of Bio-Oil to Oxygen-Containing Fuels by Acid-Catalyzed Reaction with Olefins and Alcohols over Silica Sulfuric Acid

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  • Zhijun Zhang

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
    Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA)

  • Shujuan Sui

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

  • Fengqiang Wang

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

  • Qingwen Wang

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

  • Charles U. Pittman

    (MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

Abstract

Crude bio-oil from pine chip fast pyrolysis was upgraded with olefins (1-octene, cyclohexene, 1,7-octadiene, and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene) plus 1-butanol ( iso -butanol, t -butanol and ethanol) at 120 °C using a silica sulfuric acid (SSA) catalyst that possesses a good catalytic activity and stability. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) analysis showed that upgrading sharply increased ester content and decreased the amounts of levoglucosan, phenols, polyhydric alcohols and carboxylic acids. Upgrading lowered acidity (pH value rose from 2.5 to >3.5), removed the unpleasant odor and increased hydrocarbon solubility. Water content dramatically decreased from 37.2% to about 7.0% and the heating value increased from 12.6 MJ·kg −1 to about 31.9 MJ·kg −1 . This work has proved that bio-oil upgrading with a primary olefin plus 1-butanol is a feasible route where all the original heating value of the bio-oil plus the added olefin and alcohol are present in the resulting fuel.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhijun Zhang & Shujuan Sui & Fengqiang Wang & Qingwen Wang & Charles U. Pittman, 2013. "Catalytic Conversion of Bio-Oil to Oxygen-Containing Fuels by Acid-Catalyzed Reaction with Olefins and Alcohols over Silica Sulfuric Acid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2013:i:9:p:4531-4550:d:28458
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qiang Lu & Zhi-Fei Zhang & Chang-Qing Dong & Xi-Feng Zhu, 2010. "Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors with Nano Metal Oxides: An Analytical Py-GC/MS Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(11), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Theodore Dickerson & Juan Soria, 2013. "Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Zhijun Zhang & Charles U. Pittman & Shujuan Sui & Jianping Sun & Qingwen Wang, 2013. "Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil by Reacting with Olefins and Alcohols over Solid Acids: Reaction Paths via Model Compound Studies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-22, March.
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