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Microgrids Imitate Nature for Improved Performance— Use of Nature-Inspired Optimization Techniques in Future Power Systems

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  • Taha Selim Ustun

    (Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), Koriyama 963-0215, Japan)

Abstract

There is a constant push towards increasing use of renewable energy-based distributed generators around the globe. While they provide a clean and sustainable source of energy, they employ technologies that are unknown to traditional power systems. These generators are interfaced via inverters that lack the inertia of large synchronous machines. This manifests itself as a more volatile frequency profile that is susceptible to disturbances. This phenomenon is more amplified in stand-alone microgrids which are utilized as a popular electrification alternative in isolated or underserved communities. One solution approach takes its inspiration from nature, e.g., behavior of bees, butterflies, or ants. When employed in a suitable way, animals’ natural behavior helps optimize interaction between different renewable-energy based generators and create a more stable microgrid. There are different approaches to stabilizing such systems with novel optimization approaches. Some of them optimize the ratio between generators that utilize rotating machines and inverters. Penetration of renewable energy generation is about increasing the share of inverter-interfaced generators in the system without causing stability issues. Since renewable energy resources are intermittent and not dispatchable, it is important to create a diverse portfolio where the overall system achieves some stability. For instance, if a local grid is fed by PV panels, wind generation and a small-scale hydroelectric power plant, the varying nature of these resources may complement each other. On a sunny day, PV output might be very high, and wind may not be so significant. On the other hand, on a rainy day, clouds may reduce PV output while precipitation may feed the local hydro power plant. Similarly, wind generation might complement others on a windy day. While the idea is easy to comprehend qualitatively, finding the correct ratio is not trivial. Furthermore, there are many factors at play that are independently changing and impacting the outcome. For different sites, the available renewable energy resources, their profiles as well as the local load conditions would be different. Therefore, a systematic approach is required to optimize these systems at planning, operation and control levels. Nature-inspired optimization algorithms seem to have an edge in doing just that.

Suggested Citation

  • Taha Selim Ustun, 2023. "Microgrids Imitate Nature for Improved Performance— Use of Nature-Inspired Optimization Techniques in Future Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1522-:d:1057036
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zahid Farooq & Asadur Rahman & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2022. "Power Generation Control of Renewable Energy Based Hybrid Deregulated Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Partha Pratim Dey & Dulal Chandra Das & Abdul Latif & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2020. "Active Power Management of Virtual Power Plant under Penetration of Central Receiver Solar Thermal-Wind Using Butterfly Optimization Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Latif, Abdul & Hussain, S. M. Suhail & Das, Dulal Chandra & Ustun, Taha Selim, 2021. "Double stage controller optimization for load frequency stabilization in hybrid wind-ocean wave energy based maritime microgrid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    4. Shakti Singh & Prachi Chauhan & Mohd Asim Aftab & Ikbal Ali & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2020. "Cost Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System with Fuel Cell and PV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-23, March.
    5. Amar Kumar Barik & Dulal Chandra Das & Abdul Latif & S. M. Suhail Hussain & Taha Selim Ustun, 2021. "Optimal Voltage–Frequency Regulation in Distributed Sustainable Energy-Based Hybrid Microgrids with Integrated Resource Planning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-26, May.
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