IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2022i1p77-d1010452.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors

Author

Listed:
  • Ireneusz Pielecha

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Stępień

    (Oil and Gas Institute—National Research Institute, 31-503 Krakow, Poland)

  • Filip Szwajca

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Grzegorz Kinal

    (Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

Abstract

Modern internal combustion engines are designed to meet new emission standards and reduce fuel consumption. The wide application of direct fuel injection is associated with the problem of injector contamination. It leads to a deterioration of the engine’s environmental performance. The paper aims to evaluate the effect of applying gasoline–butanol blends and appropriate additives on the formation of injector deposits. The research involved testing the engine on a dynamometer, evaluating the injector tips visually at 1000× magnification, and registering the fuel spray using high-speed imaging techniques with a laser and halogen lighting source. The effect of engine operating with the reference fuel was to coke the injector tip with a linear pattern. It increased the linear injection time to keep the engine’s operating point constant over the 48 h test. The application of 20% ( v / v ) butanol reduced deposit formation. The best scavenging results were obtained by extending the engine operating time by the next 24 h and using a cleaning procedure. The procedure included a cleaning additive in addition to butanol. Among the cases analyzed, a combination of butanol and DCA (Deposit Control Additive) was the best method for injector patency restoration.

Suggested Citation

  • Ireneusz Pielecha & Zbigniew Stępień & Filip Szwajca & Grzegorz Kinal, 2022. "Effectiveness of Butanol and Deposit Control Additive in Fuel to Reduce Deposits of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Injectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:77-:d:1010452
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/77/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/1/77/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zbigniew Stępień & Grażyna Żak & Jarosław Markowski & Michał Wojtasik, 2021. "Investigation into the Impact of the Composition of Ethanol Fuel Deposit Control Additives on Their Effectiveness," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Li, Xiaoyan & Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Tian, Zhi, 2022. "Numerical comparative study on performance and emissions characteristics fueled with methanol, ethanol and methane in high compression spark ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    3. Zhang, Wenbin & Zhang, Zhou & Ma, Xiao & Awad, Omar I. & Li, Yanfei & Shuai, Shijin & Xu, Hongming, 2020. "Impact of injector tip deposits on gasoline direct injection engine combustion, fuel economy and emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zbigniew Stępień & Ireneusz Pielecha & Filip Szwajca & Wojciech Cieślik, 2022. "Effects of Ethanol Admixtures with Gasoline on Fuel Atomization Characteristics Using High-Pressure Injectors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Sathish Kumar, T. & Ashok, B. & Saravanan, B., 2023. "Calibration of flex-fuel operating parameters using grey relational analysis to enhance the output characteristics of ethanol powered direct injection SI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    3. Chengjiang Li & Tingwen Jia & Shiyuan Wang & Xiaolin Wang & Michael Negnevitsky & Honglei Wang & Yujie Hu & Weibin Xu & Na Zhou & Gang Zhao, 2023. "Methanol Vehicles in China: A Review from a Policy Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Liu, Junheng & Liang, Wenwen & Ma, Haoran & Ji, Qian & Xiang, Pan & Sun, Ping & Wang, Pan & Wei, Mingliang & Ma, Hongjie, 2023. "Effects of integrated aftertreatment system on regulated and unregulated emission characteristics of non-road methanol/diesel dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2022:i:1:p:77-:d:1010452. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.