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Exergy Analysis of the Prevailing Residential Heating System and Derivation of Future CO 2 -Reduction Potential

Author

Listed:
  • Julian Schwab

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Markus Bernecker

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Saskia Fischer

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Bijan Seyed Sadjjadi

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Martin Kober

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Frank Rinderknecht

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

  • Tjark Siefkes

    (German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Vehicle Concepts, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany)

Abstract

The residential heating sector accounts for a large share of the worldwide annual primary energy consumption. In order to reduce CO 2 -emissions, it is therefore particularly important to analyse this sector for potential efficiency improvements. In Europe, natural gas boilers are the most widely used heating technology since they are cost-effective and can be installed in any type of building. The energy efficiency of these boilers is already high. However, in their internal process, heat is generated at a high temperature level which is only used for space heating and therefore a high amount of exergy remains unused. This research aims to develop the potential of using the exergy to further improve the efficiency of the systems. A novel combination of methods is applied to analyse the thermodynamic behaviour of gas-fired boilers in detail and over the cycle of a year. The analysis is performed in two steps: In the first step a system is examined in stationary operating points. This is carried out through an experimental setup and a three-dimensional numerical simulation. In the second step, the obtained data is applied to a transient annual building simulation. The results show the temporal distribution and total amount of the annual exergy loss for a common residential building. The exergy loss accumulates to 16,271 kWh per year, which shows the high potential to partially convert the exergy to electrical energy and significantly reduce the external electricity demand and CO 2 -emissions of the building. Based on this, new technologies such as Thermoelectric Generators can be developed, which can enable this potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Julian Schwab & Markus Bernecker & Saskia Fischer & Bijan Seyed Sadjjadi & Martin Kober & Frank Rinderknecht & Tjark Siefkes, 2022. "Exergy Analysis of the Prevailing Residential Heating System and Derivation of Future CO 2 -Reduction Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3502-:d:812797
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yildiz, Abdullah & Güngör, Ali, 2009. "Energy and exergy analyses of space heating in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(10), pages 1939-1948, October.
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    3. Nis Bertelsen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    4. Lohani, S.P., 2010. "Energy and exergy analysis of fossil plant and heat pump building heating system at two different dead-state temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 3323-3331.
    5. Anna Życzyńska & Dariusz Majerek & Zbigniew Suchorab & Agnieszka Żelazna & Václav Kočí & Robert Černý, 2021. "Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings Equipped with Individual Gas Boilers Due to Thermal Retrofitting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    6. Xiaomei Huang & Mengxiao Sun & Yinhu Kang, 2019. "Fireside Corrosion on Heat Exchanger Surfaces and Its Effect on the Performance of Gas-Fired Instantaneous Water Heaters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-21, July.
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    1. Julian Schwab & Christopher Fritscher & Michael Filatov & Martin Kober & Frank Rinderknecht & Tjark Siefkes, 2023. "Experimental Analysis of the Long-Term Stability of Thermoelectric Generators under Thermal Cycling in Air and Argon Atmosphere," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-10, May.

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