IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i8p1966-d160560.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Possible Interactions and Interferences of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic during the Gasification of Contaminated Waste Wood

Author

Listed:
  • Shurooq Badri Al-Badri

    (School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
    Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Ying Jiang

    (School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK)

  • Stuart Thomas Wagland

    (School of Water, Energy, and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK)

Abstract

A considerable proportion (about 64%) of biomass energy is produced from woody biomass (wood and its wastes). However, waste wood (WW) is very often contaminated with metal(loid) elements at concentrations leading to toxicity emissions and damages to facilities during thermal conversion. Therefore, procedures for preventing and/or alleviating the negative impacts of these elements require further development, particularly by providing informative and supportive information regarding the phase transformations of the metal(loid)s during thermal conversion processes. Although it is well known that phase transformation depends on different factors such as elements’ vaporization characteristics, operational conditions, and process configuration; however, the influences of reaction atmosphere composition in terms of interactions and interferences are rarely addressed. In response, since Cu, Cr, and As (CCA-elements) are the most regulated elements in woody biomass, this paper aims to explore the possible interactions and interferences among CCA-elements themselves and with Ca, Na, S, Cl, Fe, and Ni from reaction atmosphere composition perspectives during the gasification of contaminated WW. To do so, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed for Boudouard reaction (BR) and partial combustion reaction (PCR) with temperature ranges of 0–1300 °C and 0–1800 °C, respectively, and both reactions were simulated under pressure conditions of 1, 20, and 40 atm. Refinement of the occurred interactions and interferences reveals that Ni-As interactions generate dominant species As 2 Ni 5 and As 8 Ni 11 , which increase the solid–gaseous transformation temperature of As. Moreover, the interactions between Ca and Cr predominantly form C 3 Cr 7 ; whereas the absence of Ca leads to Cr 2 Na 2 O 4 causing instability in the Cr phase transformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Shurooq Badri Al-Badri & Ying Jiang & Stuart Thomas Wagland, 2018. "Possible Interactions and Interferences of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic during the Gasification of Contaminated Waste Wood," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:1966-:d:160560
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/1966/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/8/1966/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arthur M. James R. & Wenqiao Yuan & Michael D. Boyette, 2016. "The Effect of Biomass Physical Properties on Top-Lit Updraft Gasification of Woodchips," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Tripathi, Manoj & Sahu, J.N. & Ganesan, P., 2016. "Effect of process parameters on production of biochar from biomass waste through pyrolysis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 467-481.
    3. María Pilar González-Vázquez & Roberto García & Covadonga Pevida & Fernando Rubiera, 2017. "Optimization of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Plant for Low-Temperature Gasification of Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mejdi Jeguirim & Lionel Limousy, 2019. "Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications II," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-6, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rukshan Jayathilake & Souman Rudra, 2017. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Equivalence Ratio (ER) and Feedstock Particle Size on Birchwood Gasification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Ramin Khezri & Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani & Dayang Radiah Awang Biak & Robiah Yunus & Kiman Silas, 2019. "Experimental Evaluation of Napier Grass Gasification in an Autothermal Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-18, April.
    3. Domenico Borello & Antonio M. Pantaleo & Michele Caucci & Benedetta De Caprariis & Paolo De Filippis & Nilay Shah, 2017. "Modeling and Experimental Study of a Small Scale Olive Pomace Gasifier for Cogeneration: Energy and Profitability Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Yin Pang & Leo Bahr & Peter Fendt & Lars Zigan & Stefan Will & Thomas Hammer & Manfred Baldauf & Robert Fleck & Dominik Müller & Jürgen Karl, 2018. "Plasma-Assisted Biomass Gasification with Focus on Carbon Conversion and Reaction Kinetics Compared to Thermal Gasification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-24, May.
    5. Liu, Zhongzhe & Singer, Simcha & Tong, Yiran & Kimbell, Lee & Anderson, Erik & Hughes, Matthew & Zitomer, Daniel & McNamara, Patrick, 2018. "Characteristics and applications of biochars derived from wastewater solids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 650-664.
    6. Zhang, Zhikun & Zhu, Zongyuan & Shen, Boxiong & Liu, Lina, 2019. "Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 581-598.
    7. Kumar N, Sasi & Grekov, Denys & Pré, Pascaline & Alappat, Babu J., 2020. "Microwave mode of heating in the preparation of porous carbon materials for adsorption and energy storage applications – An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    8. Hillig, Débora Moraes & Pohlmann, Juliana Gonçalves & Manera, Christian & Perondi, Daniele & Pereira, Fernando Marcelo & Altafini, Carlos Roberto & Godinho, Marcelo, 2020. "Evaluation of the structural changes of a char produced by slow pyrolysis of biomass and of a high-ash coal during its combustion and their role in the reactivity and flue gas emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    9. Piotr Wojewódzki & Joanna Lemanowicz & Bozena Debska & Samir A. Haddad & Erika Tobiasova, 2022. "The Application of Biochar from Waste Biomass to Improve Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity and Increase Carbon Sequestration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    10. Gupta, Shubhi & Gupta, Goutam Kishore & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2019. "Slow pyrolysis of chemically treated walnut shell for valuable products: Effect of process parameters and in-depth product analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 665-676.
    11. Carlos Vargas-Salgado & Elías Hurtado-Pérez & David Alfonso-Solar & Anders Malmquist, 2021. "Empirical Design, Construction, and Experimental Test of a Small-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-22, January.
    12. Campuzano, Felipe & Brown, Robert C. & Martínez, Juan Daniel, 2019. "Auger reactors for pyrolysis of biomass and wastes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 372-409.
    13. Hu, Sheng-Chun & Cheng, Jie & Wang, Wu-Ping & Zhu, Ya-Hong & Kang, Kang & Zhu, Ming-Qiang & Huang, Xiao-Hua, 2022. "Preparation and analysis of pyroligneous liquor, charcoal and gas from lacquer wood by carbonization method based on a biorefinery process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    14. Živilė Černiauskienė & Algirdas Jonas Raila & Egidijus Zvicevičius & Vita Tilvikienė & Zofija Jankauskienė, 2021. "Comparative Research of Thermochemical Conversion Properties of Coarse-Energy Crops," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-15, October.
    15. Bong, Jang Tyng & Loy, Adrian Chun Minh & Chin, Bridgid Lai Fui & Lam, Man Kee & Tang, Daniel Kuok Ho & Lim, Huei Yeong & Chai, Yee Ho & Yusup, Suzana, 2020. "Artificial neural network approach for co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and peanut shell binary mixtures using microalgae ash catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    16. Mauro Villarini & Vera Marcantonio & Andrea Colantoni & Enrico Bocci, 2019. "Sensitivity Analysis of Different Parameters on the Performance of a CHP Internal Combustion Engine System Fed by a Biomass Waste Gasifier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    17. Gouws, S.M. & Carrier, M. & Bunt, J.R. & Neomagus, H.W.J.P., 2021. "Co-pyrolysis of coal and raw/torrefied biomass: A review on chemistry, kinetics and implementation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    18. Mostafa, Mohamed E. & Hu, Song & Wang, Yi & Su, Sheng & Hu, Xun & Elsayed, Saad A. & Xiang, Jun, 2019. "The significance of pelletization operating conditions: An analysis of physical and mechanical characteristics as well as energy consumption of biomass pellets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 332-348.
    19. Nadia Cerone & Francesco Zimbardi, 2018. "Gasification of Agroresidues for Syngas Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, May.
    20. Md Said, Mohamad Syazarudin & Azni, Atiyyah Ameenah & Wan Ab Karim Ghani, Wan Azlina & Idris, Azni & Ja'afar, Mohamad Fakri Zaky & Mohd Salleh, Mohamad Amran, 2022. "Production of biochar from microwave pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch in an alumina susceptor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:1966-:d:160560. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.