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Mitigating Household Energy Poverty through Energy Expenditure Affordability Algorithm in a Smart Grid

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  • Omowunmi Mary Longe

    (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

  • Khmaies Ouahada

    (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa)

Abstract

One of the criteria for measuring household energy poverty is the percentage of the household’s income spent on energy expenses. In this work, an autonomous income-based energy scheduling demand side management (DSM) technique called energy expenditure affordability algorithm (EEAA) is proposed to ensure that household energy expenditure is below the nation’s approved energy expenditure threshold. The EEAA problem was formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem and verified with real household data collected from families living in bachelor flats in Johannesburg, South Africa. Consumer preferences and satisfaction were enhanced by using the dynamic time warping (DTW) technique to minimize the distance between nominal and EEAA load profiles. Furthermore, the effects of distributed energy generation (DEG) and distributed energy storage (DES) were also investigated in light of energy expenditure affordability for improved consumer-friendly and satisfying DSM. The EEAA-DSM technique is shown to reduce household energy expenditure below the energy expenditure threshold, offering energy expenditure affordability as well as utility grid peak demand reduction (PDR). Furthermore, grid reliability and sustainability, environmental preservation and gendered energy poverty are consequential benefits of the EEAA. It also offered the households considered an average financial savings from 12% to 82%, depending on the level of implementation of distributed storage and generation to the consumer’s local energy mix.

Suggested Citation

  • Omowunmi Mary Longe & Khmaies Ouahada, 2018. "Mitigating Household Energy Poverty through Energy Expenditure Affordability Algorithm in a Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:4:p:947-:d:141352
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    2. Rafael Ninno Muniz & Stéfano Frizzo Stefenon & William Gouvêa Buratto & Ademir Nied & Luiz Henrique Meyer & Erlon Cristian Finardi & Ricardo Marino Kühl & José Alberto Silva de Sá & Brigida Ramati Per, 2020. "Tools for Measuring Energy Sustainability: A Comparative Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-27, May.
    3. Dalia Streimikiene & Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, 2023. "Energy Poverty and Low Carbon Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Omowunmi Mary Longe, 2021. "An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Dalia Streimikiene & Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos & Vidas Lekavicius & Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene, 2021. "Energy Poverty and Low Carbon Just Energy Transition: Comparative Study in Lithuania and Greece," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 319-371, November.

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