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A Comparative Study on Damage Mechanism of Sandwich Structures with Different Core Materials under Lightning Strikes

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  • Jiangyan Yan

    (State Key Lab of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Guozheng Wang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Qingmin Li

    (State Key Lab of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Li Zhang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China)

  • Joseph D. Yan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK)

  • Chun Chen

    (Sinoma Wind Power Blade Co., Ltd., Beijing 102100, China)

  • Zhiyang Fang

    (Sinoma Wind Power Blade Co., Ltd., Beijing 102100, China)

Abstract

Wind turbine blades are easily struck by lightning, a phenomenon that has attracted more and more attention in recent years. On this subject a large current experiment was conducted on three typical blade sandwich structures to simulate the natural lightning-induced arc effects. The resulting damage to different composite materials has been compared: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) suffered pyrolysis and cracks inside, while the damage to balsa wood was fibers breaking off and large delamination between it and the resin layer, and only a little chemical pyrolysis. To analyze the damage mechanism on sandwich structures of different materials, a finite element method (FEM) model to calculate the temperature and pressure distribution was built, taking into consideration heat transfer and flow expansion due to impulse currents. According to the simulation results, PVC had the most severe temperature and pressure distribution, while PET and balsa wood were in the better condition after the experiments. The temperature distribution results explained clearly why balsa wood suffered much less chemical pyrolysis than PVC. Since balsa wood had better thermal stability than PET, the pyrolysis area of PET was obviously larger than that of balsa wood too. Increasing the volume fraction of solid components of porous materials can efficiently decrease the heat transfer velocity in porous materials. Permeability didn’t influence that much. The findings provide support for optimum material selection and design in blade manufacturing.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiangyan Yan & Guozheng Wang & Qingmin Li & Li Zhang & Joseph D. Yan & Chun Chen & Zhiyang Fang, 2017. "A Comparative Study on Damage Mechanism of Sandwich Structures with Different Core Materials under Lightning Strikes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:10:p:1594-:d:114893
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rodrigues, R.B. & Mendes, V.M.F. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2011. "Protection of wind energy systems against the indirect effects of lightning," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2888-2896.
    2. Radičević, Branko M. & Savić, Milan S. & Madsen, Søren Find & Badea, Ion, 2012. "Impact of wind turbine blade rotation on the lightning strike incidence – A theoretical and experimental study using a reduced-size model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 644-654.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tomasz Garbowski & Tomasz Gajewski & Jakub Krzysztof Grabski, 2020. "Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Corrugated Cardboard Boxes with Various Openings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis & Nikos Papadakis & Ioannis Ntintakis, 2021. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade Damage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-31, September.

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