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Water Use Efficiency, Spectral Phenotyping and Protein Composition of Two Chickpea Genotypes Grown in Mediterranean Environments under Different Water and Nitrogen Supply

Author

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  • Michele Andrea De Santis

    (Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy)

  • Antonio Satriani

    (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) CNR, 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy)

  • Fortunato De Santis

    (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA) CNR, 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy)

  • Zina Flagella

    (Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy)

Abstract

Chickpea is a drought-tolerant crop and an important source of protein, relevant to its beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the response to agronomic management, including water and nitrogen supply, of crop physiological and agronomic traits in relation to water use efficiency and grain protein composition. Two varieties, Pascià and Sultano, were grown at two different sites in South Italy under rainfed and irrigated conditions, with and without starter nitrogen fertilization. Crop physiological assessment was carried out by hyperspectral phenotyping at flowering and during grain filling. Increases in grain yield and grain size in relation to water supply were observed for water use up to about 400 mm. Water use efficiency increased under starter nitrogen fertilization, and Pascià showed the highest values (4.8 kg mm −1 ). The highest correlations of the vegetation indexes with the agronomic traits were observed in the later growth stage, especially for the optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI); furthermore, grain filling rate showed a strong relationship with photochemical reflectance index (PRI). Experimental factors mainly influenced protein composition rather than protein content. In particular, the 7s vicilin protein fraction showed a negative correlation with grain yield and water use, while lectin showed an opposite response. Both fractions are of interest for consumer’s health because of their allergenic and antinutritional properties, respectively. Data from spectral phenotyping will be useful for digital farming applications, in order to assess crop physiological status in modern agricultural systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Michele Andrea De Santis & Antonio Satriani & Fortunato De Santis & Zina Flagella, 2022. "Water Use Efficiency, Spectral Phenotyping and Protein Composition of Two Chickpea Genotypes Grown in Mediterranean Environments under Different Water and Nitrogen Supply," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:12:p:2026-:d:985558
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gan, Y.T. & Warkentin, T.D. & Bing, D.J. & Stevenson, F.C. & McDonald, C.L., 2010. "Chickpea water use efficiency in relation to cropping system, cultivar, soil nitrogen and Rhizobial inoculation in semiarid environments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(9), pages 1375-1381, September.
    2. Satriani, A. & Catalano, M. & Scalcione, E., 2018. "The role of superabsorbent hydrogel in bean crop cultivation under deficit irrigation conditions: A case-study in Southern Italy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 114-119.
    3. Satriani, A. & Loperte, A. & Soldovieri, F., 2015. "Integrated geophysical techniques for sustainable management of water resource. A case study of local dry bean versus commercial common bean cultivars," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 57-66.
    4. Amiri, Seyedreza & Eyni-Nargeseh, Hamed & Rahimi-Moghaddam, Sajjad & Azizi, Khosro, 2021. "Water use efficiency of chickpea agro-ecosystems will be boosted by positive effects of CO2 and using suitable genotype × environment × management under climate change conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
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