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Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Hydrothermal Environment, Carbon Emissions, and Crop Yield in Wheat Fields under Ridge–Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Planting Mode

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  • Xiangcheng Ma

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Mengfan Lv

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Fangyuan Huang

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Peng Zhang

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Tie Cai

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

  • Zhikuan Jia

    (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Institute of Water–Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
    Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China)

Abstract

The ridge–furrow rainwater harvesting (RFRH) planting mode is widely used in arid and semi-arid areas to solve the problems of agricultural water shortage and low productivity. However, the impact of film mulching on the stability of soil carbon pools makes this planting mode vulnerable to the risk of increased soil carbon emissions and carbon pool losses. In order to clarify the relationship between soil carbon emissions and hydrothermal factors, as well as the regulatory effect of biochar application on soil carbon sequestration and reduced emissions under this planting mode, we set up a biochar application experiment. The effects of the biochar application (at 10 Mg ha −1 biochar and 20 Mg ha −1 biochar) on the soil water dynamics, soil temperature changes, CO 2 -C and CH 4 -C flux dynamics, grain yield, carbon emission efficiency, and the net ecosystem carbon budget in wheat fields under the RFRH planting mode were investigated, with no biochar application as the control. The results showed that applying biochar increased the soil water content, soil average temperature, cumulative CH 4 -C uptake, wheat grain yield, and carbon emission efficiency by 3.10–12.23%, 0.98–3.53%, 59.27–106.65%, 3.51–16.42%, and 18.52–61.17%, respectively; reduced the cumulative CO 2 -C emissions by 7.51–31.07%; and increased the net ecosystem carbon budget by 2.91 Mg C ha −1 to 6.06 Mg C ha −1 . The results obtained by equation fitting showed that in wheat fields under RFRH, the CO 2 -C emission fluxes had negative and positive exponential relationships with the soil water content and soil temperature, respectively, while the CH 4 -C uptake fluxes had no significant correlation with the soil water content and had an inverse U-shaped quadratic function relationship with soil temperature. Overall, these results suggest that the application of biochar to wheat fields under RFRH can improve grain yield, farmland carbon emission efficiency, and the net ecosystem carbon budget, and change wheat fields from a carbon source to a carbon sink. These results can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for efficient, green, and sustainable production in farmland in arid and semi-arid areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiangcheng Ma & Mengfan Lv & Fangyuan Huang & Peng Zhang & Tie Cai & Zhikuan Jia, 2022. "Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Hydrothermal Environment, Carbon Emissions, and Crop Yield in Wheat Fields under Ridge–Furrow Rainwater Harvesting Planting Mode," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:10:p:1704-:d:943685
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yufang Shen & Lixia Zhu & Hongyan Cheng & Shanchao Yue & Shiqing Li, 2017. "Effects of Biochar Application on CO 2 Emissions from a Cultivated Soil under Semiarid Climate Conditions in Northwest China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-13, August.
    2. R. Lal, 2007. "Carbon Management in Agricultural Soils," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 303-322, February.
    3. Luo, Chong-Liang & Zhang, Xiao-Feng & Duan, Hai-Xia & Zhou, Rui & Mo, Fei & Mburu, David M. & Wang, Bao-Zhong & Wang, Wei & Kavagi, Levis & Xiong, You-Cai, 2021. "Responses of rainfed wheat productivity to varying ridge-furrow size and ratio in semiarid eastern African Plateau," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
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