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Un test per la diseguaglianza delle opportunit? dovuta a fattori regionali

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  • Maria Lucia Pace

Abstract

La diseguaglianza dei redditi ? comunemente analizzata e misurata attraverso l?im?piego di varie misure quali l?indice di Gini, il coefficiente di variazione, l?in?dice di Theil, la varianza dei logaritmi e altri ancora (Sen, 1970). A partire dagli anni ?90 l?applicazione di tecniche di scomposizione relative, per esempio, all?in?dice di Theil hanno reso possibile quantificare due diverse componenti della diseguaglianza ovvero la diseguaglianza legata allo sforzo individuale (IRE) e la diseguaglianza dovuta alle ineguali opportunit? (IO). Questa seconda componente dipende esclusivamente da fattori esogeni, non controllabili dall?individuo, e, per questa ragione, ? considerata una diseguaglianza "ingiusta". Alla componente residua della scomposizione ? di solito attribuito, invece, il significato di diseguaglianza nello sforzo, ovvero quanto ciascun individuo si ? impegnato per raggiungere un determinato obiettivo di successo economico. L?applicazione di questo approccio alle misure di diseguaglianza ha permesso di studiare quale tipo di diseguaglianza prevalga all?interno di un Paese e, soprattutto, quali siano le circostanze esogene che incrementano la disparit? nelle opportunit?. Il presente lavoro si muove lungo questa linea di ricerca proponendo un metodo per testare il peso relativo delle due componenti e la loro significativit?. Tra i fattori esogeni di diseguaglianza, in particolare, ci si propone di analizzare il luogo di residenza e le differenze regionali tra le circostanze determinanti. Come misura di diseguaglianza si ? scelto di considerare il Coefficiente di variazione (CV) in modo da ricondurre il test a un problema di Analisi della varianza (ANOVA) a pi? vie. Il test viene presentato facendo riferimento ai dati dell?indagine italiana condotta dall?ISTAT sulle condizioni di vita delle famiglie (IT-SILC database, per gli anni 2005 e 2011). La regione di residenza risulta essere un fattore determinante della diseguaglianza di opportunit? in Italia e il suo impatto sulla diseguaglianza totale ? cresciuto nel periodo analizzato. Inoltre, risulta un fattore chiave anche quando combinato con gli altri fattori determinanti dell?IO.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Lucia Pace, 2016. "Un test per la diseguaglianza delle opportunit? dovuta a fattori regionali," RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2016(3), pages 113-143.
    • Handle: RePEc:fan:restre:v:html10.3280/rest2016-003008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    ANOVA; coefficiente di variazione; diseguaglianza dei redditi; fattori regionali; IT-SILC;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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