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¿Existe rigidez en el ajuste del empleo en Chile?

Author

Listed:
  • Dresdner, Jorge

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Concepción; Núcleo de Economía Ambiental y de Recursos Naturales, Iniciativa Científica Milenio del Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR))

  • Salazar, Leonardo

    (Universidad Católica de Maule)

  • Quiroga, Miguel

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Concepción; Núcleo de Economía Ambiental y de Recursos Naturales, Iniciativa Científica Milenio del Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR))

  • Riquelme, Andrés

    (Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Talca)

  • Zurita, Grethel

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Concepción)

Abstract

Background: We study how aggregate employment adjusted in the Chilean economy to the so called Asian Crisis. We test different hypotheses used in the public debate, although not formally tested, that try to explain the sluggish recovery of employment after the crisis. Methods: We specify and estimate a vector autoregressive model with time series for the quarterly period 1995.1-2007.4 and apply the Johansen method to identify cointegration vectors. Results: We estimate one cointegration vector that represents the labor demand function. We perform hypothesis testing on this function: zero degree homogeneity in prices; unitary product demand elasticity; structural break in the labor demand function intercept; change in the long run product demand elasticity between sub-periods; existence of adjustment costs. Conclusions: The income elasticity of demand was unstable after the crisis, although not in the sense suggested by the previous debate. The more decisive factor in the slow recovery was the prevailing labor costs of adjustment in the Chilean economy.// Antecedentes: Estudiamos cómo el nivel de empleo agregado se ajustó en la economía chilena, posterior a la llamada crisis asiática. Contrastamos distintas hipótesis que se han esgrimido en el debate público, y que no han sido probadas formalmente, sobre las razones por las cuales el nivel de empleo tardó tanto tiempo en recuperar los niveles precrisis. Métodos: Especificamos y estimamos un modelo de vectores autorregresivos con series de tiempo para el trimestre 1995.1-2007.4 y aplicamos el método de Johansen para identificar vectores de cointegración. Resultados: Estimamos un vector de cointegración que representa la función de demanda laboral. Realizamos las siguientes pruebas de hipótesis sobre esta función: homogeneidad de grado cero en precios, elasticidad producto de la demanda unitaria; quiebre estructural en el intercepto de esta función; cambio en la elasticidad producto de la demanda laboral de largo plazo entre subperiodos y existencia de costos de ajuste. Conclusiones: Inestabilidad en la elasticidad demanda del ingreso en la función de demanda por trabajo en Chile posterior a la crisis asiática, pero no en la dirección sugerida por el debate previo. Adicionalmente, el factor que contribuyó en forma más decisiva a la lenta recuperación del empleo posterior a la crisis fue el costo de ajuste presentes en la economía chilena.

Suggested Citation

  • Dresdner, Jorge & Salazar, Leonardo & Quiroga, Miguel & Riquelme, Andrés & Zurita, Grethel, 2017. "¿Existe rigidez en el ajuste del empleo en Chile?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(333), pages .73-102, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:333:p:73-102
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i333.262
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Julio Guzman, 2014. "Social Protection and Private Coping Strategies During Recessions: Evidence from Chile," Working Papers wp_041, Adolfo Ibáñez University, School of Government.
    2. Mardones, Cristian & Mena, Camilo, 2020. "Effects of the internalization of the social cost of global and local air pollutants in Chile," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    3. Mardones, Cristian & Velásquez, Andrés, 2021. "Macroeconomic, intersectoral, and environmental effects of R&D subsidies in Chile: An input-output approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ajuste; empleo; crisis asiática; rigideces;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles

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