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Mecanismos para compartir información crediticia. Evidencia internacional y la experiencia mexicana

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  • Negrin, José Luis

    (Dirección de Estudios Económicos del Banco de México)

Abstract

Mechanisms to share credit information, known as credit bureaus, reduce the effects of asymmetric information in the credit industry. When private credit bureaus do not spontaneously emerge, financial authorities often form a Public Registry of Credit Information (PRCI). The international experience that we present shows that there is a tight relationship between the development of the credit market and that of the mechanisms to share information. It also shows that countries with private bureaus have a more developed information system than those with a PRCI; additionally, there is a trend towards industry concentration. In Mexico, both the credit Market and the mechanisms to sare information have exhibited limited development. The Central Bank has managed a limited coverage PRCI since 1964; nevertheless, the credit expansion of the early nineties highlighted grave constraints in credit information. Consequently, from 1993 to 1998, financial authorities issued regulations to promote the entry of private bureaus.Three firms entered the market, but only one of them, the Credit Bureau (CB) has remained active. This firm is the result of a partnership between Mexican commercial banks, Trans Union and Dunn and Bradstreet. Based on Mexican banks’ information and demand, the CB Has grown rapidly, displacing the PRCI and filling part of the vacuum that exited at the level of consumer credit information. The BC’s expansion has not resulted from an increase in credit, since there has been little generation of new information. Hence, it is feasible that this growth will reach a limit in the short run. This means that for the industry to develop, credith as to expand; additionally, if credit increases, the chances of competition in the credit information industry will grow.// Los mecanismos para compartir información crediticia, denominados burós de crédito o sociedades de información crediticia (SIC), permiten enfrentar los problemas de información asimétrica que caracterizan esta industria. Dadas las virtudes de estas instituciones, cuando no surgen espontáneamente, las autoridades financieras suelen formar un registro público de información crediticia (RPIC) de participación obligatoria. La experiencia internacional muestra que existe una estrecha relación entre la profundidad del mercado de crédito y el desarrollo de mecanismos para compartir información, indica también que los países que poseen burós de origen privado cuentan con mayor profundidad informativa que los que posen un RPIC. Además, en los países que se presentan en el estudio se observa una tendencia hacia la concentración de la industria. En México el mercado de crédito es reducido, por lo que los mecanismos de información han presentado un desarrollo limitado. Aunque desde 1964 el Banco de México ha operado un RPIC de cobertura restringida, la expansión del crédito de principios de los años noventa evidenció severas restricciones informativa. Por ello, de 1963 a 1980, las autoridades conformaron un regulación que promueve la entrada de SIC privadas. De las empresas que han entrado al mercado sólo una, el Buró de Crédito (BC), ha permanecido activa. El BC es resultado de la asociación de los bancos comerciales mexicanos con empresas internacionales de información. Esta SIC ha mostrado un gran dinamismo, desplazando al RPIC y cubriendo el vació de información de personas físicas. Puesto que la expansión del BC no obedece a la generación de nuevos créditos y,por ende, de nueva información, es factible que enfrente un límite en el corto plazo. Esto significa que es necesario reactivar el crédito para que la industria de información se desarrolle. Además,en la medida en que el mercado de información se expanda, se ampliaran las posibilidades de competencia entre SIC.

Suggested Citation

  • Negrin, José Luis, 2001. "Mecanismos para compartir información crediticia. Evidencia internacional y la experiencia mexicana," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(271), pages 405-466, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:68:y:2001:i:271:p:405-466
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    Cited by:

    1. Ruben Hernandez-Murillo, 2007. "Experiments in financial liberalization: the Mexican banking sector," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 89(Sep), pages 415-432.
    2. José L. Negrin, 2004. "The Importance of Borrowers’ History on Credit Behavior: The Mexican Experience," Econometric Society 2004 Latin American Meetings 226, Econometric Society.

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