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A review of the evidence from Germany and the UK

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  • Hass-Klau, Carmen

Abstract

Germany has implemented many ambitious pedestrianization and traffic-calming schemes over the last 20 years, and has carried out quite large-scale research studies on their effect on retailing. The schemes implemented in the UK and the research carried out on them have been more modest. However, they broadly show the same picture. There is generally a positive effect on retailing, with shops inside pedestrian areas being more successful than those outside. Part of the increased turnover is transferred to the landlord, in the form of higher market rents. More extensive schemes have more substantial positive effects. However, there can be a reduction in turnover during a transition period of 1-2 years, and the effects can be unfavourable for fringe shops just outside the developed area, unless the scheme is carefully designed.

Suggested Citation

  • Hass-Klau, Carmen, 1993. "A review of the evidence from Germany and the UK," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 21-31, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:1:y:1993:i:1:p:21-31
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    1. Delso, Javier & Martín, Belén & Ortega, Emilio, 2018. "A new procedure using network analysis and kernel density estimations to evaluate the effect of urban configurations on pedestrian mobility. The case study of Vitoria –Gasteiz," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 61-72.
    2. De Borger, Bruno & Russo, Antonio, 2017. "The political economy of pricing car access to downtown commercial districts," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 76-93.
    3. Goodwin, Phil, 1999. "Transformation of transport policy in Great Britain," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 655-669.
    4. Kevin Credit & Elizabeth Mack, 2019. "Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 46(2), pages 264-285, February.
    5. Murakami, Jin & Villani, Caterina & Talamini, Gianni, 2021. "The capital value of pedestrianization in Asia's commercial cityscape: Evidence from office towers and retail streets," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 72-86.
    6. Luca D’Acci, 2014. "Monetary, Subjective and Quantitative Approaches to Assess Urban Quality of Life and Pleasantness in Cities (Hedonic Price, Willingness-to-Pay, Positional Value, Life Satisfaction, Isobenefit Lines)," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(2), pages 531-559, January.
    7. Sina Selzer & Martin Lanzendorf, 2019. "On the Road to Sustainable Urban and Transport Development in the Automobile Society? Traced Narratives of Car-Reduced Neighborhoods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-17, August.
    8. Marsden, Greg & Docherty, Iain, 2013. "Insights on disruptions as opportunities for transport policy change," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 46-55.
    9. David Gray & Richard Laing & Iain Docherty, 2017. "Delivering lower carbon urban transport choices: European ambition meets the reality of institutional (mis)alignment," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(1), pages 226-242, January.
    10. Nazanin Nasrollahi & Amir Ghosouri & Jamal Khodakarami & Mohammad Taleghani, 2020. "Heat-Mitigation Strategies to Improve Pedestrian Thermal Comfort in Urban Environments: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-23, November.
    11. DE BORGER, Bruno & RUSSO, Antonio, 2015. "Lobbying and the political economy of pricing car access to downtown commercial districts," Working Papers 2015012, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    12. Sheikh Ahmad Zaki & Hai Jian Toh & Fitri Yakub & Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi & Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey & Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, 2020. "Effects of Roadside Trees and Road Orientation on Thermal Environment in a Tropical City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-23, February.
    13. Cullinane, S. L. & Cullinane, K. P. B. & Fewings, J & Southwell, J, 1996. "Rural traffic management : The Burrator Reservoir experiment," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 213-224, October.
    14. Liang Wen & Jeffrey Kenworthy & Dora Marinova, 2020. "Higher Density Environments and the Critical Role of City Streets as Public Open Spaces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-34, October.
    15. Liang Wen & Dora Marinova & Jeffrey Kenworthy & Xiumei Guo, 2022. "Street Recovery in the Age of COVID-19: Simultaneous Design for Mobility, Customer Traffic and Physical Distancing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-23, March.
    16. Jesús Muñuzuri & Pablo Cortés & Luis Onieva & José Guadix, 2013. "Simulating the effects of pedestrianisation on urban freight deliveries," European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, ISTIEE, Institute for the Study of Transport within the European Economic Integration, issue 54, pages 1-10.

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