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Industry 4.0 in the European union: Policies and national strategies

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  • Teixeira, Josélia Elvira
  • Tavares-Lehmann, Ana Teresa C.P.

Abstract

All across the European Union (EU), Member States are implementing policies in order to stimulate the adoption of technologies associated to Industry 4.0. This paper provides the most comprehensive comparative analysis so far done of such EU Government programs. At the supranational level, the EU has adopted policies geared to the EU-wide digitalization of industry, aiming also to motivate countries to establish digitalization strategies at the national level. National strategies and plans have been the result of multiple actions involving the interaction of different stakeholders. We identified 25 national Industry 4.0-focused plans between 2011 and 2020. There was considerable asymmetry in the conditions for implementation of policies, and in the assimilation by the market in different EU countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Teixeira, Josélia Elvira & Tavares-Lehmann, Ana Teresa C.P., 2022. "Industry 4.0 in the European union: Policies and national strategies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:180:y:2022:i:c:s0040162522001962
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121664
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    Cited by:

    1. Senna, Pedro P. & Bonnin Roca, Jaime & Barros, Ana C., 2023. "Overcoming barriers to manufacturing digitalization: Policies across EU countries," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Industry 4.0; Government programs; Industrial policy; National strategies; European Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
    • L88 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Government Policy
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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