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Forced versus natural circulation solar water heaters: A comparative performance study

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  • Khalifa, Abdul-Jabbar N.

Abstract

An experimental study has been carried out to compare the performance of natural and forced circulation domestic solar water heaters. Several measurments have been made for the two cases which included; the collector water inlet and outlet temperatures, the mass flow rate, the tank temperature, the ambient temperature and the solar insolation. The main parameters for the solar collector are calculated for the natural and forced circulation systems. These included; the top, back, and overall loss coefficients, the heat removal factor, the efficiency factor, the useful energy gain and the instantaneous efficiency. The comparison showed that the efficiency of the forced circulation system could be 35 to 80% higher.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalifa, Abdul-Jabbar N., 1998. "Forced versus natural circulation solar water heaters: A comparative performance study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 77-82.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:14:y:1998:i:1:p:77-82
    DOI: 10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00050-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Xingxing & Shen, Jingchun & Lu, Yan & He, Wei & Xu, Peng & Zhao, Xudong & Qiu, Zhongzhu & Zhu, Zishang & Zhou, Jinzhi & Dong, Xiaoqiang, 2015. "Active Solar Thermal Facades (ASTFs): From concept, application to research questions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 32-63.
    2. Sutthivirode, Kittiwoot & Namprakai, Pichai & Roonprasang, Natthaphon, 2009. "A new version of a solar water heating system coupled with a solar water pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1423-1430, September.
    3. Wang, Zhangyuan & Yang, Wansheng & Qiu, Feng & Zhang, Xiangmei & Zhao, Xudong, 2015. "Solar water heating: From theory, application, marketing and research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 68-84.
    4. Luis R. Bernardo, 2013. "Retrofitting Conventional Electric Domestic Hot Water Heaters to Solar Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Houses—Model Validation and Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-20, February.

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