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A unisex stochastic mortality model to comply with EU Gender Directive

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  • Chen, An
  • Vigna, Elena

Abstract

EU Gender Directive ruled out discrimination against gender in charging premium for insurance products. This prohibition prevents the use of the standard actuarial fairness principle to price life insurance products. According to current actuarial practice, unisex premiums are calculated with a simple weighting rule of the gender-specific life tables. This procedure is likely to violate portfolio fairness principles. Up to our knowledge, in the actuarial literature there is no unisex mortality model that respects the unisex fairness principle. This paper is the first attempt to fill this gap. First, we recall the notion of unisex fairness principle and the corresponding unisex fair premium. Then, we provide a unisex stochastic mortality model for the mortality intensity that is underlying the pricing of a life portfolio of females and males belonging to the same cohort. Finally, we calibrate the unisex mortality model using the unisex fairness principle. We find that the weighting coefficient between the males’ and females’ own mortalities depends mainly on the quote of portfolio relative to each gender, on the age, and on the type of insurance products. The knowledge of a proper unisex mortality model could help life insurance companies to better understanding the nature of the risk of a mixed portfolio.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, An & Vigna, Elena, 2017. "A unisex stochastic mortality model to comply with EU Gender Directive," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 124-136.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:73:y:2017:i:c:p:124-136
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2017.01.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. LUCIANO, Elisa & VIGNA, Elena, 2008. "Mortality risk via affine stochastic intensities: calibration and empirical relevance," MPRA Paper 59627, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    4. Hato Schmeiser & Tina Störmer & Joël Wagner, 2014. "Unisex Insurance Pricing: Consumers’ Perception and Market Implications," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 39(2), pages 322-350, April.
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    7. Yves Thiery & Caroline Van Schoubroeck, 2006. "Fairness and Equality in Insurance Classification*," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 31(2), pages 190-211, April.
    8. Luciano, Elisa & Regis, Luca & Vigna, Elena, 2012. "Delta–Gamma hedging of mortality and interest rate risk," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 402-412.
    9. Milevsky, Moshe A. & David Promislow, S., 2001. "Mortality derivatives and the option to annuitise," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 299-318, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. An Chen & Montserrat Guillen & Elena Vigna, 2017. "Solvency requirement in a unisex mortality model," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 504, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    2. Milevsky, Moshe A., 2020. "Calibrating Gompertz in reverse: What is your longevity-risk-adjusted global age?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 147-161.
    3. Cupido, Kyran & Jevtić, Petar & Paez, Antonio, 2020. "Spatial patterns of mortality in the United States: A spatial filtering approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 28-38.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Actuarial fairness; Unisex tariff; Stochastic mortality intensity; Gender Directive; Life table; Doubly stochastic process;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

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