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Innovation development in forest ecosystem services: A comparative mountain bike trail study from Austria and Switzerland

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  • Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee
  • Ludvig, Alice
  • Hogl, Karl

Abstract

Over the last decade, outdoor recreation has changed from passive (such as relaxation) to much more active (such as mountain biking) activities. Recreational infrastructure, such as mountain bike trails, often consists of technically innovative projects in urban forest areas. However, these projects tend to pose serious challenges to forest managers and forest owners, e.g., liability and cost issues, as well as diverging stakeholder interests. Our research goal is to address the specific governance processes, seeking to tackle such challenges and develop and implement recreational infrastructure. We examine two questions: (i) what led to develop the innovation and (ii) how were negotiations transformed into satisfying results considering their challenges? The article analyzes innovation from a governance perspective, considering stakeholders, stakeholder interactions and the outcomes of these interactions. Based on case studies concerning the establishment of two mountain bike trails located in urban forest areas of Austria and Switzerland, we examine the role innovation plays and analyze the underlying decision-making processes. This research is based on several empirical sources, including seven semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that (i) the processes underlying and surrounding the conflicts have reached unexpected complexity, (ii) the solutions found have high innovation potential in terms of the resulting institutional and organizational changes, and (iii) the trails and their institutional arrangements are subject to constant change and thus may be considered dynamic processes.

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  • Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee & Ludvig, Alice & Hogl, Karl, 2020. "Innovation development in forest ecosystem services: A comparative mountain bike trail study from Austria and Switzerland," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:115:y:2020:i:c:s1389934119304423
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102158
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luthje, Christian & Herstatt, Cornelius & von Hippel, Eric, 2005. "User-innovators and "local" information: The case of mountain biking," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 951-965, August.
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    3. Ludvig, Alice & Tahvanainen, Veera & Dickson, Antonia & Evard, Camille & Kurttila, Mikko & Cosovic, Marija & Chapman, Emma & Wilding, Maria & Weiss, Gerhard, 2016. "The practice of entrepreneurship in the non-wood forest products sector: Support for innovation on private forest land," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 31-37.
    4. Rametsteiner, Ewald & Weiss, Gerhard, 2006. "Innovation and innovation policy in forestry: Linking innovation process with systems models," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(7), pages 691-703, October.
    5. Shelley Burgin & Nigel Hardiman, 2012. "Extreme sports in natural areas: looming disaster or a catalyst for a paradigm shift in land use planning?," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(7), pages 921-940, October.
    6. Zachrisson, Anna & Beland Lindahl, Karin, 2013. "Conflict resolution through collaboration: Preconditions and limitations in forest and nature conservation controversies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 39-46.
    7. Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee & Ludvig, Alice, 2019. "The role of social innovation in negotiations about recreational infrastructure in forests – A mountain-bike case study in Switzerland," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 227-235.
    8. Carsten Mann & James Absher, 2008. "Recreation conflict potential and management implications in the northern/central Black Forest Nature Park," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(3), pages 363-380.
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    Cited by:

    1. Weiss, Gerhard & Hansen, Eric & Ludvig, Alice & Nybakk, Erlend & Toppinen, Anne, 2021. "Innovation governance in the forest sector: Reviewing concepts, trends and gaps," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    2. Takuya Takahashi & Takahiro Tsuge & Shingo Shibata, 2022. "Innovativeness of Japanese Forest Owners Regarding the Monetization of Forest Ecosystem Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Nousiainen, Daniela & Mola-Yudego, Blas, 2022. "Characteristics and emerging patterns of forest conflicts in Europe - What can they tell us?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).

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