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Policy goals and instruments for achieving a desirable future forest: Experiences from backcasting with stakeholders in Sweden

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  • Sandström, Camilla
  • Kanyama, Annika Carlsson
  • Räty, Riitta
  • Sonnek, Karin Mossberg
  • Nordström, Eva-Maria
  • Mossing, Annika
  • Nordin, Annika

Abstract

The future of forests is a controversial issue in Sweden and elsewhere. Different stakeholder groups differ in the importance they give to roles they envision forests should have in, for example, the national economy, the protection of biodiversity and sustainable use of ecosystem services, and in mitigating climate change. We used participatory backcasting, a solution-oriented form of scenario analysis, as a method to identify stakeholders' various views as to what constitutes a desirable future forest in Sweden. By involving key stakeholders, we wanted to explore how to broaden the scope of potential solutions to the controversial issue of forest futures by analyzing goals, measures and policy instruments in order to form a bridge between stakeholders' policy objectives, and the instruments and support tools they would like to use to implement those policies. Preferences for particular policy instruments varied considerably among the stakeholder groups. In line with the literature, our study confirms that policy instruments are not mere empty vessels, but represent particular policy ideas, objectives and outlooks, and can show how stakeholders want forests to be governed in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandström, Camilla & Kanyama, Annika Carlsson & Räty, Riitta & Sonnek, Karin Mossberg & Nordström, Eva-Maria & Mossing, Annika & Nordin, Annika, 2020. "Policy goals and instruments for achieving a desirable future forest: Experiences from backcasting with stakeholders in Sweden," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:111:y:2020:i:c:s1389934119300012
    DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102051
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cubbage, Frederick & Harou, Patrice & Sills, Erin, 2007. "Policy instruments to enhance multi-functional forest management," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(7), pages 833-851, April.
    2. Lindahl, Karin Beland & Sténs, Anna & Sandström, Camilla & Johansson, Johanna & Lidskog, Rolf & Ranius, Thomas & Roberge, Jean-Michel, 2017. "The Swedish forestry model: More of everything?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 44-55.
    3. Jaco Quist, Marjolijn Knot, William Young, Ken Green, Philip Vergragt, 2001. "Strategies towards sustainable households using stakeholder workshops and scenarios," International Journal of Sustainable Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(1), pages 75-89.
    4. Mathijs Vliet & Kasper Kok, 2015. "Combining backcasting and exploratory scenarios to develop robust water strategies in face of uncertain futures," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 43-74, January.
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    2. Heiskanen, Aleksi & Hurmekoski, Elias & Toppinen, Anne & Näyhä, Annukka, 2022. "Exploring the unknowns – State of the art in qualitative forest-based sector foresight research," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Toivonen, Ritva & Lilja, Anna & Vihemäki, Heini & Toppinen, Anne, 2021. "Future export markets of industrial wood construction – A qualitative backcasting study," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    4. Luhas, Jukka & Mikkilä, Mirja & Kylkilahti, Eliisa & Miettinen, Jenni & Malkamäki, Arttu & Pätäri, Satu & Korhonen, Jaana & Pekkanen, Tiia-Lotta & Tuppura, Anni & Lähtinen, Katja & Autio, Minna & Linn, 2021. "Pathways to a forest-based bioeconomy in 2060 within policy targets on climate change mitigation and biodiversity protection," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    5. Raja R. Timilsina & Yoshinori Nakagawa & Koji Kotani, 2020. "Exploring the Possibility of Linking and Incorporating Future Design in Backcasting and Scenario Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Fischer, Richard & Lippe, Melvin & Dolom, Priscilla & Kalaba, Felix Kanungwe & Tamayo, Fabian & Torres, Bolier, 2023. "Effectiveness of policy instrument mixes for forest conservation in the tropics – Stakeholder perceptions from Ecuador, the Philippines and Zambia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).

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