Building resilience to natural hazards through coastal governance: a case study of Hurricane Harvey recovery in Gulf of Mexico communities

This paper provides an evidence-based contribution to understanding coastal governance in response to hurricane hazards. It uses the five-part conceptual framework for coastal governance, which includes 1) complexity, 2) vulnerability, 3) adaptive management, 4) stakeholder participation, and 5) the integration of technical knowledge in decision-making. A case study of the Harvey-impacted Texas communities in the Gulf of Mexico is presented within this framework. This particular case is important because of current high level discussions that suggest subnational, state-centric policy response to hazards may be the new model for disaster response moving forward. This study presents insights on the current trends toward devolved, subnational policy response to disasters, as well as a revised framework for coastal governance, where resilience is linked to all concepts in the governance framework as an outcome. Several major findings are discussed. First, higher scales of government take much longer than is necessary to respond to hazards because of their complex administrative policies and procedures. This is worsened in places that have not experienced hazards in recent decades. Innovative adaptation by subnational policy-makers may be one pathway to quicken policy response, as are the commendable but fragmented efforts of charities and voluntary groups. However, devolved policy responses may face their own challenges in implementation, increasing adaptive capacity but decreasing resilience. This study found that participatory, multi-stakeholder processes enhance resilience through disaster simulation exercises and participatory planning processes. These participatory processes enhance learning and the capacity to implement recovery-focused public policy within the constraints of the disaster.