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East Asian and US educators' reflections on how stigmatization affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities: Challenges and solutions

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  • Kayama, Misa
  • Haight, Wendy
  • Ku, May Lee Mary
  • Cho, Minhae
  • Lee, Hee Yun

Abstract

Stigmatization is a culturally widespread social justice challenge with broad implications for the development of children. This study examines the reflections of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on how stigma affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities and how they respond to these challenges. We conducted cross-cultural analyses of individual, audio recorded interviews with 26 Japanese, 43 Korean, 16 Taiwanese and 18 US educators, including school social workers. Educators from all four cultural groups characterized the development of collaborative relationships with parents as critical to supporting the school success of children with disabilities. They also described challenges posed by stigmatization to those relationships, and solutions to those challenges. Japanese educators watched over, carefully guided, and expressed empathy to parents responding to stigmatization. South Korean educators avoided openly indicating children's struggles to parents, but provided them with education about disabilities to counter misperceptions. Taiwanese educators exercised patience with parents who expressed distress due to stigmatization, and concealed their own negative emotional responses to such displays. US educators engaged parents through fact-oriented, solution-focused responses to children's struggles. The perspectives of educators from diverse contexts can be used to identify cultural blind spots, and develop effective culture- and stigma-sensitive strategies to build relationships with parents to better support children with disabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Ku, May Lee Mary & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2017. "East Asian and US educators' reflections on how stigmatization affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities: Challenges and solutions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 128-144.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:73:y:2017:i:c:p:128-144
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haight, Wendy & Kayama, Misa & Ku, May-Lee (Mary) & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2016. "Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self Part 1: Defining the problem in cultural context," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 214-228.
    2. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Ku, May Lee & Cho, Minhae & Lee, Hee Yun, 2016. "Perspectives of elementary school educators in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the US on disability, stigmatization and children's developing self," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 403-418.
    3. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy & Kincaid, Tamara & Evans, Kelly, 2015. "Local implementation of disability policies for “high incidence” disabilities at public schools in Japan and the U.S," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 34-44.
    4. Yang, Lawrence Hsin & Kleinman, Arthur & Link, Bruce G. & Phelan, Jo C. & Lee, Sing & Good, Byron, 2007. "Culture and stigma: Adding moral experience to stigma theory," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(7), pages 1524-1535, April.
    5. Haight, Wendy & Kayama, Misa & Kincaid, Tamara & Evans, Kelly & Kim, Nam Keol, 2013. "The elementary-school functioning of children with maltreatment histories and mild cognitive or behavioral disabilities: A mixed methods inquiry," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 420-428.
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    1. Kayama, Misa & Haight, Wendy, 2018. "Balancing the stigmatization risks of disability labels against the benefits of special education: Japanese parents' perceptions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 43-53.
    2. Cho, Minhae & Yun, Heejung & Haight, Wendy, 2020. "Courtesy stigma from the perspectives of elementary school educators in South Korea," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).

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