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Friendship in children with internalizing and externalizing problems: A preliminary investigation with the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships

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  • Laghi, Fiorenzo
  • Baiocco, Roberto
  • Cannoni, Eleonora
  • Di Norcia, Anna
  • Baumgartner, Emma
  • Bombi, Anna Silvia

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between friendship representation and internalizing and externalizing problems in school-aged children. One hundred Caucasian 6–7year-old children (50 males and 50 females) and their mothers took part in the study. The Draw-a-Man Test, the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) were used. Children with internalizing problems, externalizing problems, comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems, and a control group were compared on their pictorial representations of friendship. Results showed that children with externalizing problems included more pictorial indices of each friend's autonomy and a larger imbalance of importance between them; children with internalizing problems drew themselves as less similar to their friends. In conclusion, children's pictorial representation allows exploring some aspects of their tacit knowledge about the relationship with a best friend, which is not easily expressed verbally by young children. Finally, the implications of these findings for theoretical and empirical research development on friendship are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Laghi, Fiorenzo & Baiocco, Roberto & Cannoni, Eleonora & Di Norcia, Anna & Baumgartner, Emma & Bombi, Anna Silvia, 2013. "Friendship in children with internalizing and externalizing problems: A preliminary investigation with the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1095-1100.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:35:y:2013:i:7:p:1095-1100
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.05.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thommessen, S. & Laghi, F. & Cerrone, C. & Baiocco, R. & Todd, B.K., 2013. "Internalizing and externalizing symptoms among unaccompanied refugee and Italian adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 7-10.
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    Cited by:

    1. Eleonora Cannoni & Anna Silvia Bombi, 2016. "Friendship and Romantic Relationships During Early and Middle Childhood," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(3), pages 21582440166, July.
    2. Giuliana Pinto & Francesco Tosi & Oriana Incognito, 2021. "Drawing places, recreating spaces: visual voices from at-risk children," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, December.

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