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Die Hälfte der Geflüchteten in Deutschland fand ihre erste Stelle über soziale Kontakte

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  • Philipp Eisnecker
  • Diana Schacht

Abstract

In Germany, the majority of people tend to find work through friends, acquaintances, and relatives when they first enter the labor market or switch jobs. The same applies to immigrants and their offspring. Integrating refugees into the labor market is considered crucial to their overall integration into society, yet little is known about how they land their first jobs. The present paper attempts to bridge this gap by analyzing IAB-SOEP Migration Sample data on two reference groups comprised of individuals that came to Germany for different reasons: labor migrants and family migrants. The analyses show that roughly half of the refugees found their first job through friends, relatives, or acquaintances. Formal channels such as job advertisements and the Federal Employment Agency also played a key role. Refugees who found employment through personal contacts were generally less likely to have any knowledge of German and more likely to have had contacts in Germany prior to immigration. The findings also show that refugees who acquired work through informal channels found their first job faster and were more likely to work full-time compared to those who found their first job through formal channels. In Deutschland finden die meisten Personen über FreundInnen, Bekannte und Verwandte eine Beschäftigung, wenn sie erstmals in den Arbeitsmarkt einsteigen oder ihre Anstellung wechseln. Dies gilt auch für MigrantInnen und deren Nachkommen. Geflüchtete in den Arbeitsmarkt einzugliedern wird als besonders wichtig für ihre Integration angesehen. Dennoch ist wenig über die Art und Weise bekannt, wie sie Stellen finden. In diesem Beitrag werden deshalb Daten der IAB-SOEP-Migrationsbefragung ausgewertet. Zum Vergleich werden dabei zwei Gruppen herangezogen, die aus anderen Gründen nach Deutschland gekommen sind – ArbeitsmigrantInnen und FamiliennachzüglerInnen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass etwa die Hälfte der Geflüchteten ihre erste Stelle über FreundInnen, Bekannte oder Verwandte gefunden hat. Auch formelle Wege, wie Stellenanzeigen und die Arbeitsagenturen, spielten eine wichtige Rolle. Geflüchtete, die ihre Beschäftigung über persönliche Beziehungen fanden, besaßen vor der Migration tendenziell seltener Deutschkenntnisse und häufiger Kontakte in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass Geflüchtete, die über informelle Wege erfolgreich waren, ihre Erstanstellung schneller fanden und häufiger in Vollzeit arbeiteten, verglichen mit denen, die ihre erste Stelle auf formellem Wege fanden.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Eisnecker & Diana Schacht, 2016. "Die Hälfte der Geflüchteten in Deutschland fand ihre erste Stelle über soziale Kontakte," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(35), pages 757-764.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:83-35-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Ludovica Gambaro & Guido Neidhöfer & C. Katharina Spieß, 2019. "The Effect of Early Childhood Education and Care Services on the Social Integration of Refugee Families," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1828, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Goßner, Laura & Kosyakova, Yuliya, 2021. "Integrationshemmnisse geflüchteter Frauen und mögliche Handlungsansätze – eine Übersicht bisheriger Erkenntnisse," IAB-Forschungsbericht 202108, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    3. Gambaro, Ludovica & Neidhöfer, Guido & Spiess, C. Katharina, 2021. "The effect of early childhood education and care services on the integration of refugee families," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

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