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Unsustainable Household Debt: Problems of Measurement

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  • Damon Gibbons

Abstract

In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, a significant research effort has been made to better understand the links between household debt levels, financial stability risks, and the ongoing implications of the ‘debt overhang’ for economic growth. However, accurately measuring the household debt burden remains problematic. Aggregate measures of household indebtedness (e.g. household liabilities relative to income) fail to fully capture the debt servicing burdens of households, particularly in periods when real incomes are declining (as has been the case in the UK in recent years). They also provide no insight into the distribution of debt burdens, which may be important for both future financial stability and economic growth. We attempt to address this problem by combining a new analysis of aggregate data with insights gleaned from household debt surveys. We first construct a new measure of debt interest payments as a percentage of the overall household surplus from the aggregate data. This indicates a significant increase in household debt burdens between 2016 and 2018.We test the validity of this measure by analysing household debt surveys over the period, and report on the most affected households. The findings support a case for a lowering of the thresholds used in official measures of financial vulnerability and over-indebtedness and for greater impetus in policymaking to relieve the financial pressures of households in debt. Im Zuge der globalen Finanzkrise wurden erhebliche Forschungsanstrengungen unternommen, um die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Verschuldung der privaten Haushalte, den Risiken für die Finanzstabilität und den anhaltenden Auswirkungen des ,Schuldenüberhangs‘ auf das Wirtschaftswachstum besser zu verstehen. Die genaue Messung der Schuldenlast der privaten Haushalte bleibt jedoch problematisch. Aggregierte Messungen der Verschuldung der Haushalte (z.B. Verbindlichkeiten der Haushalte im Verhältnis zum Einkommen) erfassen die Schuldendienstbelastung der Haushalte nicht vollständig, insbesondere in Zeiten sinkender Realeinkommen (wie in den letzten Jahren in Großbritannien). Sie geben auch keinen Einblick in die Verteilung der Schuldenlast, was sowohl für die künftige Finanzstabilität als auch für das Wirtschaftswachstum wichtig sein kann. Wir versuchen, dieses Problem zu lösen, indem wir eine neue Analyse der aggregierten Daten mit Erkenntnissen aus den Erhebungen über die Verschuldung der Haushalte kombinieren. Zunächst konstruieren wir aus den aggregierten Daten ein neues Maß für die Schuldzinszahlungen als Prozentsatz des gesamten Haushaltsüberschusses. Dies deutet auf einen signifikanten Anstieg der Schuldenlast der Haushalte zwischen 2016 und 2018 hin. Wir testen die Validität dieses Maßes, indem wir die Verschuldungserhebungen der Haushalte in diesem Zeitraum analysieren und über die am stärksten betroffenen Haushalte berichten. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Absenkung der Schwellenwerte für die offizielle Messung der finanziellen Verwundbarkeit und Überschuldung sowie für einen stärkeren Beitrag der Politik zur Entlastung der verschuldeten Haushalte.

Suggested Citation

  • Damon Gibbons, 2020. "Unsustainable Household Debt: Problems of Measurement," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 89(1), pages 101-113.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:89-1-6
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.89.1.101
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    Keywords

    Household debt; consumer credit; mortgage loans; over-indebtedness; debt burden; sustainable debt; financial stability; financial vulnerability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • D18 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Protection
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth

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