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Perspektive der Industrie in Deutschland

Author

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  • Martin Gornig
  • Alexander Schiersch

Abstract

The rise of China into the ranks of the industrialized nations has characterized the last 15 years. China significantly increased its share in global industrial production. At the same time, the USA and most Western European countries experienced severe deindustrialization. Only a few countries, for instance Germany, did not develop accordingly. In fact, the German industry managed to grow at the same pace as global industry production and was able to maintain its market share. Inter alia, this success was due to an industry structure which focused on medium-tech and high-tech sectors. The total value added share of such industries of has increased significantly in 2000-12. Such industries include, but are not limited to chemistry, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, automotive manufacturing, pharmaceutical, medical devices or aircraft. However, we can identify a remarkable shortage of investments in the German manufacturing industry. In the 2000-12 periodthe modernity of the capital stock, measured as the real fixed capital formation in relation to the real fixed capital stock, was below that of many competitors. Even successful sectors, such as the manufacture of machinery and the manufacture of motor vehicles, invested less, given their capital stock, than the sector specific international average. This distinct weakness of investment is a clear warning signal, which calls for an active industry policy. Nowadays, industry policy implies, first and foremost, innovation policy. However, it should not be confined to the provision of research infrastructure, but must actually butt innovation clusters. In addition, it is important to closely interlinking innovation policy with the creation of an efficient education and training system, an investment-friendly tax policy and a future-oriented environmental policy. Der Wandel der globalen Industrieproduktion in den letzten 15 Jahren ist vor allem durch den Aufstieg Chinas zur Industrienation gekennzeichnet. Die Marktanteilsgewinne Chinas führten insbesondere zu relativen Verlusten bei der Industrieproduktion in den USA und Westeuropa. In vielen westlichen Ländern ist zudem ein ausgeprägter De-Industrialisierungsprozess zu beobachten. Nur wenige Länder, darunter Deutschland, konnten sich diesem Prozess entziehen. Eine wesentliche Ursache für den Erfolg der deutschen Industrie ist die Spezialisierung auf Branchen der Hoch- und Spitzentechnologie. Der Anteil von Branchen wie Chemie, Elektrotechnik, Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, Straßenfahrzeugbau, Pharmazie, Medizintechnik oder Luftfahrzeugbau an der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfung hat in Deutschland von 2000 bis 2012 deutlich zugenommen. Dennoch weist das deutsche Verarbeitende Gewerbe eine ausgeprägte Investitionsschwäche auf. Zwischen 2000 und 2012 lag der Modernitätsgrad des Kapitalstocks (reale Bruttoinvestitionen in Relation zum Kapitalbestand) unter dem wichtiger Wettbewerber in der EU und außerhalb Europas. Selbst so erfolgreiche Branchen wie der Straßenfahrzeug- oder der Maschinenbau weisen im internationalen Vergleich einen deutlichen Investitionsrückstand auf. Erfolg von gestern ist nicht gleichbedeutend mit Erfolg von morgen. Die ausgeprägte Investitionsschwäche ist dabei ein deutliches Warnsignal. Umso bedeutender für den künftigen Erfolg des Industriestandortes Deutschland ist eine aktive Industriepolitik. Industriepolitik ist dabei zu allererst Innovationspolitik. Sie darf allerdings nicht auf die Bereitstellung der Forschungsinfrastruktur beschränkt bleiben, sondern muss konkret Innovationscluster anstoßen. Zudem gilt es, sie eng zu verzahnen mit der Schaffung eines leistungsfähigen Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystems, einer investitionsfreundlichen Steuerpolitik und eines zukunftsorientierten Umweltpolitik.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Gornig & Alexander Schiersch, 2015. "Perspektive der Industrie in Deutschland," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 84(1), pages 37-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:84-1-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.84.1.37
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Investment; capital stock; industries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
    • O25 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Industrial Policy

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