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Institutionelle Bedingungen eines Wettbewerbsföderalismus in Deutschland: Transaktionskosten stärker berücksichtigen

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  • Torsten Schmidt

Abstract

In jedem Bundesstaat ist die Frage zu klären, wie regionale Externalitäten zwischen den Gebietskörperschaften internalisiert werden sollen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die These aufgestellt, dass dazu das Instrument ausgewählt wird, das mit den geringsten Transaktionskosten für die beteiligten Entscheidungsträger verbunden ist. Da nach der Verabschiedung des Grundgesetzes von vielen Länderaufgaben Externalitäten ausgingen, zielten wichtige institutionelle Veränderungen des deutschen Bundesstaates auf deren Internalisierung. Die Regelungen des Grundgesetzes bewirken, dass eine Übertragung von Gesetzgebungskompetenzen auf den Bund mit vergleichsweise geringen Kosten verbunden ist. Die nicht eindeutige Zuordnung der Finanzierungskompetenz bietet der Bundesregierung die transaktionskostengünstige Möglichkeit, durch finanzielle Anreize auf die Länder einzuwirken. Mit den Gemeinschaftsaufgaben wurde ein Verfahren institutionalisiert, um Aufgaben in einzelnen Bundesländern zu konzentrieren. In einer bundesstaatlichen Reform, die auf mehr Wettbewerb zielt, sind die Transaktionskosten zu berücksichtigen. So kann eine verstärkte Internalisierung durch Verhandlungen dazu führen, dass die Transaktionskosten im öffentlichen Sektor steigen und dadurch die Möglichkeiten zur Intensivierung des Wettbewerbs beschränkt werden.

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  • Torsten Schmidt, 2003. "Institutionelle Bedingungen eines Wettbewerbsföderalismus in Deutschland: Transaktionskosten stärker berücksichtigen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 72(3), pages 458-471.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:72-30-9
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.72.3.458
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    1. Beckmann, Klaus & Engelmann, Dennis, 2008. "Steuerwettbewerb und Finanzverfassung," Working Paper 82/2008, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg.

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