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Inversión extranjera directa y crecimiento económico en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Óscar Hernán Cerquera-Losada
  • Libardo Rojas-Velásquez

Abstract

Este artículo busca analizar empíricamente la relación entre la inversión extranjera directa (ied) y el crecimiento económico para el caso colombiano, empleando datos de series de tiempo ob-servados durante el periodo 2000-2019. Para esto se realiza un análisis de cointegración y se estima un modelo vectorial de corrección de errores (vec), en el cual se incluye la formación bruta de capital como variable adicional de control. Asimismo, se realizan pruebas de causalidad entre las variables y se estiman funciones de impulso-respuesta con el fin de determinar cómo responde una variable ante cambios en otras variables. Los resultados muestran que la inversión extranjera y el crecimien-to económico guardan una relación de equilibrio de largo plazo. Se identificó que el crecimiento económico es muy importante para atraer mayores flujos de inversión. Sin embargo, la inversión extranjera tiene un efecto moderado sobre el crecimiento económico. Además, existe una relación de causalidad unidireccional que va del crecimiento económico a la inversión extranjera, es decir, el aumento de los flujos de inversión foránea no se traduce necesariamente en mayor crecimiento eco-nómico. Estos resultados, de una u otra forma, contradicen la opinión ampliamente aceptada de que un aumento de la ied puede ser importante para mejorar el crecimiento económico, lo que refuerza la idea de que el éxito de la ied en los países depende de las condiciones iniciales de cada economía.******This article seeks to analyze empirically the relationship between foreign direct investment (fdi) and eco-nomic growth in Colombian using data from various time series observed during 2000–2019. A cointegration test is performed, and a vector error correction (vec) model is employed, including gross capital formation as an additional control variable. Causality tests are carried out among variables, and impulse-response functions are assessed for how they respond to changes in other variables. The results reveal that fdi and economic growth are in a long-term equilibrium relationship. We identified that economic growth is significant in attracting more investment flows. However, fdi has a moderate effect on economic growth. There is also a one-way causal relationship that goes from economic development to fdi. In other words, increased fdi flows do not necessarily translate into considerable economic growth. These results contradict the widely accepted view that an increase in fdi can improve economic growth and reinforce the idea that the success of fdi in countries depends on the initial conditions of each economy.******este artigo pretende analisar empiricamente a relacao entre o investimento estrangeiro direto (ied) e o crescimento economico para o caso colombiano, utilizando dados de séries de tempo observados durante o período 2000 e 2019. Para isso, é realizada uma análise de cointegracao e é estimado um modelo vetorial de correcao de erros (vec, na sigla inglesa), no qual é incluída a formacao bruta de capital como variável adicional de controle. Além disso, sao realizados testes de causalidade entre as variáveis e sao estimadas funcoes de impulso-resposta com o objetivo de determinar como responde uma variável ante mudancas em outras variáveis. Os resultados mostram que o investimento estrangeiro e o crescimento economico sao muito importantes para atrair maiores fluxos de investimento. Contudo, o investimento estrangeiro tem um efeito moderado sobre o crescimento economico. Além disso, existe uma relacao de causalidade unidirecional que vai do crescimento economico ao investimento estrangeiro, isto é, o aumento dos fluxos de investimento estrangeiro nao é traduzido necessariamente em maior crescimento economico. Esses resultados, de uma ou de outra forma, contradizem a opiniao amplamente aceita de que um aumento do ied pode ser importante para melhorar o crescimento economico, o que reforca a ideia de que o sucesso do ied nos países depende das condicoes indiciais de cada economia.

Suggested Citation

  • Óscar Hernán Cerquera-Losada & Libardo Rojas-Velásquez, 2020. "Inversión extranjera directa y crecimiento económico en Colombia," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, vol. 28(2), pages 9-26, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000180:018675
    DOI: 10.18359/rfce.4202
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    inversión extranjera directa; crecimiento económico; formación bruta de capital; cointegración; causalidad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F - International Economics
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

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