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Distribución del ingreso e imposición a las altas rentas en América Latina

Author

Listed:
  • Verónica Amarante
  • Juan Pablo Jiménez

Abstract

En la última década los niveles de desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso se han reducido significativamente en América Latina. Esto producto de un crecimiento económico sostenido y la marcada reducción de los niveles de pobreza. No obstante, en términos internacionales la región continúa siendo la más desigual del planeta manteniendo altos niveles de concentración del ingreso. Aunado a esto, las mediciones sobre desigualdad, provenientes de encuestas de los hogares, podrían estar subestimando la alta concentración del ingreso al compararse con mediciones provenientes de registros fiscales, al mismo tiempo que las estructuras tributarias se encuentran sesgadas hacia impuestos indirectos con un más regresivo impacto distributivo.Este artículo propone la incorporación de instrumentos de análisis, basados en los registros tributarios, que permitan mejorar las mediciones sobre la desigualdad, así como cambios en materia impositiva a fin de de aumentar la recaudación y el alcance efectivo de los impuestos sobre los individuos de más altos ingresos. ***** In the last decade, the levels of inequality in income distribution have declined significantly in Latin America. This is due to sustained economic growth and sharply reduced poverty levels. However, in international terms, the region is still the most unequal in the world, maintaining high levels of income concentration. Added to this, measurements of inequality, from surveys of households, may be underestimating the high concentration of income when compared with measurements from tax records, while tax structures are biased towards indirect taxes with a regressive distributional impact. So, for better inequality measurements, in this paper we propose the inclusion of analytical instruments on the basis of tax records. Also, we discuss changes for a more progressive tax system to obtain more revenues and the effective range of high-income individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Verónica Amarante & Juan Pablo Jiménez, 2016. "Distribución del ingreso e imposición a las altas rentas en América Latina," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 35(Especial ), pages 39-73, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000093:013974
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    File URL: http://www.fce.unal.edu.co/media/files/documentos/Cuadernos/67/finales/v35n67a03.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amiel,Yoram & Cowell,Frank, 1999. "Thinking about Inequality," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521466967.
    2. Oscar Altimir, 1987. "Income Distribution Statistics In Latin America And Their Reliability," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 33(2), pages 111-155, June.
    3. Alvaredo, Facundo, 2011. "A note on the relationship between top income shares and the Gini coefficient," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 110(3), pages 274-277, March.
    4. Amarante, Verónica & Jiménez, Juan Pablo, 2015. "Desigualdad, concentración y rentas altas en América Latina," Libros de la CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 39662.
    5. Amarante, Verónica, 2013. "Income inequality in Latin America: Data challenges and availability from a comparative perspective," Políticas Sociales 6200, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    desigualdad; distribución del ingreso; imposición a las altas rentas; concentración del ingreso.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies

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