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Conference Diplomacy: The Making of the Paris Agreement

Author

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  • Aslak Brun

    (Ministry of Climate and Environment, Government of Norway, Norway)

Abstract

The article offers an insider’s account of how the Paris Agreement on climate change was reached. Focusing on participation and ambition, it describes the efforts to include a long-term temperature goal, expectations for regular ratcheting up of climate efforts, and provisions for tracking global progress. The author argues that a shift from the earlier top-down approaches to setting targets, to a bottom-up, self-determined approach has spurred participation and made it easier to reach agreement. In addition, the Paris Agreement anchors a clearer direction of travel than before. The article also discusses the negotiations of the provisions in the Agreement to drive increased national climate mitigation efforts over time. Finally, the author considers the role of conference diplomacy, particularly the need for inclusive leadership. It is argued that the French Presidency combined a transparent negotiations process with a clear sense of direction that helped achieve a comprehensive and ambitious outcome. The role of back-channel talks as part of effective conference diplomacy is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Aslak Brun, 2016. "Conference Diplomacy: The Making of the Paris Agreement," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(3), pages 115-123.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v:4:y:2016:i:3:p:115-123
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Detlef F. Sprinz & Bruce Bueno de Mesquita & Steffen Kallbekken & Frans Stokman & Håkon Sælen & Robert Thomson, 2016. "Predicting Paris: Multi-Method Approaches to Forecast the Outcomes of Global Climate Negotiations," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(3), pages 172-187.
    2. Jon Hovi & Tora Skodvin & Stine Aakre, 2013. "Can Climate Change Negotiations Succeed?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 1(2), pages 138-150.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jon Hovi & Tora Skodvin, 2016. "Editorial to the Issue on Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(3), pages 111-114.
    2. Joseph Earsom, 2023. "It’s not as simple as copy/paste: the EU’s remobilisation of the High Ambition Coalition in international climate governance," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 27-42, March.
    3. Guri Bang & Jon Hovi & Tora Skodvin, 2016. "The Paris Agreement: Short-Term and Long-Term Effectiveness," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(3), pages 209-218.
    4. Laura Silvia Valente Macedo & Pedro Roberto Jacobi, 2019. "Subnational politics of the urban age: evidence from Brazil on integrating global climate goals in the municipal agenda," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Högl, Maximilian, 2018. "Enabling factors for cooperation in the climate negotiations: a comparative analysis of Copenhagen 2009 and Paris 2015," IDOS Discussion Papers 14/2018, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS).
    6. Sælen, Håkon Grøn & Aasen, Marianne, 2023. "Exploring public opposition and support across different climate policies: Poles apart?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    7. Joseph Earsom & Tom Delreux, 2021. "A Nice Tailwind: The EU’s Goal Achievement at the IMO Initial Strategy," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 401-411.
    8. Joanna Depledge, 2022. "The “top-down” Kyoto Protocol? Exploring caricature and misrepresentation in literature on global climate change governance," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 673-692, December.
    9. Jana Gheuens & Sebastian Oberthür, 2021. "EU Climate and Energy Policy: How Myopic Is It?," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(3), pages 337-347.
    10. Frank Biermann & Ina Möller, 2019. "Rich man’s solution? Climate engineering discourses and the marginalization of the Global South," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 151-167, April.
    11. Jhonathan Fernandes Torres Souza & Sergio Almeida Pacca, 2019. "How far can low-carbon energy scenarios reach based on proven technologies?," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 24(5), pages 687-705, June.
    12. Joseph Earsom & Tom Delreux, 2023. "One Big Conversation: The EU's Climate Diplomacy across the International Regime Complex on the Paris Agreement Negotiations," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 198-214, January.
    13. Håkon Sælen, 2020. "Under What Conditions Will the Paris Process Produce a Cycle of Increasing Ambition Sufficient to Reach the 2°C Goal?," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 20(2), pages 83-104, May.

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