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Rank correlation inferences for clustered data with small sample size

Author

Listed:
  • Sally Hunsberger
  • Lori Long
  • Sarah E. Reese
  • Gloria H. Hong
  • Ian A. Myles
  • Christa S. Zerbe
  • Pleonchan Chetchotisakd
  • Joanna H. Shih

Abstract

This paper develops methods to test for associations between two variables with clustered data using a U‐Statistic approach with a second‐order approximation to the variance of the parameter estimate for the test statistic. The tests that are presented are for clustered versions of: Pearsons χ2 test, the Spearman rank correlation and Kendall's τ for continuous data or ordinal data and for alternative measures of Kendall's τ that allow for ties in the data. Shih and Fay use the U‐Statistic approach but only consider a first‐order approximation. The first‐order approximation has inflated significance level in scenarios with small sample sizes. We derive the test statistics using the second‐order approximations aiming to improve the type I error rates. The method applies to data where clusters have the same number of measurements for each variable or where one of the variables may be measured once per cluster while the other variable may be measured multiple times. We evaluate the performance of the test statistics through simulation with small sample sizes. The methods are all available in the R package cluscor.

Suggested Citation

  • Sally Hunsberger & Lori Long & Sarah E. Reese & Gloria H. Hong & Ian A. Myles & Christa S. Zerbe & Pleonchan Chetchotisakd & Joanna H. Shih, 2022. "Rank correlation inferences for clustered data with small sample size," Statistica Neerlandica, Netherlands Society for Statistics and Operations Research, vol. 76(3), pages 309-330, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:stanee:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:309-330
    DOI: 10.1111/stan.12261
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Romdhani, H. & Lakhal-Chaieb, L. & Rivest, L.-P., 2014. "Kendall’s tau for hierarchical data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 210-225.
    2. John M. Williamson & Somnath Datta & Glen A. Satten, 2003. "Marginal Analyses of Clustered Data When Cluster Size Is Informative," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 36-42, March.
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