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Measuring White Fragility

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  • Terrence Hill
  • Andrew Mannheimer
  • J. Micah Roos

Abstract

Objective We propose and develop novel survey questions and quantitative summary indices of White fragility. Methods The data come from the 2018 Survey of White Fragility, a longitudinal convenience sample of 279 non‐Hispanic white undergraduate students aged 18 and over taking courses at two large public universities in the southeastern and southwestern United States. Results Factor analyses revealed two latent factors. The first factor—Remorse Fragility—was defined by feeling sad, guilty, and, to a lesser extent, angry in the context of discussions related to racism, race‐based discrimination, and white privilege. The second factor—Depletion Fragility—was defined by feeling drained, exhausted, unsafe, and, to a lesser extent, attacked and confused in the same contexts. Additional analyses supported the reliability and validity of our indices. Conclusion More research is needed to establish measures of White Fragility to inform interventions that support critical discussions of whiteness and the racist structures of society.

Suggested Citation

  • Terrence Hill & Andrew Mannheimer & J. Micah Roos, 2021. "Measuring White Fragility," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(4), pages 1812-1829, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:102:y:2021:i:4:p:1812-1829
    DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12985
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    1. Lee Cronbach, 1951. "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 16(3), pages 297-334, September.
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