In analysis of the reciprocal relations which link together the evolution of the relations of subordination, personal incentives, and the division of labor with special reference to the agricultural and the commercial stages, Adam Smith pointed out the exclusive role performed by personal incentives in increasing labor productivity. Subsequently, the authors note a change of emphasis due to the emergence of the mature stage of commerce. In this new context, the division of labor engenders a new form of property polarization, one connected no longer to land but to capital accumulation and which appears to act as an obstacle against social mobility. Copyright 1999 by Scottish Economic Society.
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