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Uneven geographies: ageing and population dynamics in Latvia

Author

Listed:
  • Zaiga Krisjane
  • Maris Berzins
  • Janis Krumins
  • Elina Apsite‐Berina
  • Sindija Balode

Abstract

The twin phenomena of ageing populations and declining populations are profoundly transforming societies and economies in Europe. Driven by decreasing fertility rates and the continuing increased life expectancy, populations have not been ageing uniformly across time and space. In an increasingly urbanized world, the spatial distribution of the young and the elderly is a matter of growing scholarly and policy interest. In Europe, this process is more pronounced in peripheral areas than in the core regions, while the development of metropolitan areas is associated with suburbanization predominantly driven by young in‐migrants. Latvia is an interesting case study for studying population ageing and its spatial imbalances due to the key role of emigration in population decline and ageing. By employing descriptive and spatial analysis, this study uses data from the Latvian census and population register to explore the relationships between population change and ageing processes. Global Moran's I and the local indicators of spatial association were used to identify spatial systems. The study confirmed global and local spatial autocorrelation for the both examined age variables. Using the Getis‐Ord Gi* method identified spatial clusters of the young and the elderly. We found more pronounced residential clustering of the elderly aged 75 and over in the depopulating region of Latgale, whereas the Riga metropolitan region and areas around the largest towns tend to cluster young residents. El doble fenómeno del envejecimiento y el declive de la población está transformando profundamente las sociedades y las economías europeas. Impulsado por el descenso de las tasas de fertilidad y el continuo aumento de la esperanza de vida, las poblaciones no han envejecido de manera uniforme en el tiempo y el espacio. En un mundo cada vez más urbanizado, la distribución espacial de los jóvenes y las personas mayores es un tema de creciente interés académico y político. En Europa, este proceso es más pronunciado en las zonas periféricas que en las regiones centrales, mientras que el desarrollo de las áreas metropolitanas está asociado a la suburbanización impulsada predominantemente por los jóvenes inmigrantes. Letonia es un caso interesante para estudiar el envejecimiento de la población y sus desequilibrios espaciales debido al papel clave de la emigración en el declive y envejecimiento de la población. Mediante un análisis descriptivo y espacial, este estudio utiliza datos del censo y el registro de población de Letonia para explorar las relaciones entre el cambio demográfico y los procesos de envejecimiento. Se utilizaron la I de Moran global y los indicadores locales de asociación espacial para identificar los sistemas espaciales. El estudio confirmó la autocorrelación espacial global y local para las dos variables de edad analizadas. Se utilizó el método Getis‐Ord Gi* para identificar conglomerados (clusters) espaciales de jóvenes y personas mayores. Se encontró una conglomeración residencial más pronunciada de los mayores de 75 años en la región despoblada de Latgale, mientras que la región metropolitana de Riga y las zonas alrededor de las ciudades más grandes se suelen encontrar conglomerados de residentes jóvenes. 高齢化と人口減少という2つの現象は、ヨーロッパの社会と経済を大きく変えつつある。人口の高齢化は時間的及び空間的に均一に進展しているのではないが、これは出生率の低下と平均寿命の継続的な延伸が要因となっている。都市化が進む地域では、若年者と高齢者の空間的分布は、学術的および政策的な問題として関心が高まっている。ヨーロッパにおいては、こうしたプロセスは中心地域よりも周辺地域で顕著であるが、大都市圏の発展は、主に若年者の流入に促進される郊外化と関連している。ラトビアは、人口高齢化と、人口減少と高齢化における人口流出の重要な役割による高齢化の空間的不均衡を研究するのに興味深い事例となる。本稿では、記述的および空間的分析を採用し、ラトビアの国勢調査と人口登録のデータを使用して、人口変化と高齢化のプロセスの関連性を検討した。グローバルモランIと空間的関連性のローカルの指標を用いて空間システムを特定した。この研究では、調査した両方の年齢変数について、グローバルとローカルの空間的自己相関が確認された。Getis‐Ord Gi*法を用いて若年者と高齢者の空間クラスターを特定した。ラトガレの人口が減少している地域では、75歳以上の高齢者の居住集積がかなり顕著であることがわかった。その一方で、リガ都市圏や最大規模の町の周辺地域では若年の住民が集積する傾向がある。

Suggested Citation

  • Zaiga Krisjane & Maris Berzins & Janis Krumins & Elina Apsite‐Berina & Sindija Balode, 2023. "Uneven geographies: ageing and population dynamics in Latvia," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(4), pages 893-908, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:893-908
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Stephen Matthews & Daniel M. Parker, 2013. "Progress in Spatial Demography," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 28(10), pages 271-312.
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