IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rgscpp/v15y2023i2p239-255.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Introducing carsharing schemes in low‐density areas: The case of the outskirts of Le Mans (France)

Author

Listed:
  • Jean Leroy
  • Guillaume Bailly
  • Gérald Billard

Abstract

Nowadays, the issue of rural development has a central place on the agenda of policymakers, particularly in the field of transportation. In low‐density areas, there is a lack of alternatives to car use, but at the same time internal combustion vehicles are currently contested in Western societies for their impacts on global warming. As part of the solution, in the past couple of decades, carsharing (CS) schemes have been growing worldwide, but mainly in urban areas. This paper focuses on a recent socially oriented electric CS scheme launched in 2018 in the countryside of Le Mans, France. This program is supported by the local government whose goal is to provide new offers of transportation for those in need and also provide alternatives to cars. By studying the CS program's first year of implementation, we found a dichotomy between the social expectations of the local government and the reality of use by the population. On the basis of a filled‐out questionnaire and the analysis of the cars' navigation data, we first present the profile of the early adopters. We found that they are mostly male and tend to be over 60 years old. They are also highly motorized and from the upper‐middle and upper classes. Secondly, it appears that the program is having difficulties finding regular users. In this regard, this study shows how important it is for public policy to be based on a thoughtful and coherent planning strategy as well as to be led by a strong local governance. Hoy en día, la cuestión del desarrollo rural ocupa un lugar prominente en la agenda política, especialmente en el ámbito del transporte. En las áreas de baja densidad, faltan alternativas al uso del automóvil, pero al mismo tiempo los vehículos de combustión interna son actualmente cuestionados en las sociedades occidentales por su impacto en el calentamiento global. Como parte de la solución, en las dos últimas décadas han crecido en todo el mundo los sistemas de carsharing (coche compartido o CC), aunque más en las zonas urbanas. Este artículo se centra en una iniciativa reciente de CC eléctrico de orientación social lanzada en 2018 en el área rural de Le Mans, Francia. Este programa cuenta con el apoyo del gobierno local, cuyo objetivo es proporcionar nuevas ofertas de transporte a quien lo necesita y también ofrecer alternativas a los automóviles. Al estudiar el primer año de aplicación de la iniciativa de CC, se encontró una dicotomía entre las expectativas sociales del gobierno local y la realidad del uso por parte de la población. A partir de un cuestionario cumplimentado y del análisis de los datos de navegación de los coches, se presenta en primer lugar el perfil de los usuarios pioneros. Se descubrió que la mayoría son hombres y suelen tener más de 60 años. También están muy motorizados y son de clase media‐alta y alta. En segundo lugar, parece que el programa tiene dificultades para encontrar usuarios habituales. A este respecto, este estudio muestra la importancia de que las políticas públicas se basen en una estrategia de planificación reflexiva y coherente, así como de que se guíen por una sólida gobernanza local. 今日では、農村開発の問題、特に交通輸送の分野の問題は、政策立案者が優先して検討すべき課題である。人口密度の低い地域では、自動車の利用に代わる手段がないものの、欧米社会においては、現在、内燃機関で走る自動車は、地球温暖化に対するその影響からその使用に対する異議が唱えられている。この解決策の一つとして、過去数十年の間に、世界中でカーシェアリング(CS)スキームが増加しているが、これは主に都市部において増加しているものである。本稿では、2018年にフランスのル・マン地方で開始された最近の社会指向電気CS方式に注目する。このプログラムは、地方自治体によってサポートされており、必要としている人々に新たな交通手段を提供する、さらには自動車に代わるものを提供することを目標としている。CSプログラムの実施初年度の調査から、自治体の社会的期待と住民による利用における現実に矛盾があることがわかる。アンケート回答とカーナビゲーションデータの分析から、最初にアーリーアダプターのプロファイルを提示する。アーリーアダプターのほとんどは男性で、60歳以上であった。彼らはまた、非常に車に乗る機会が多く、上位中産階級か上流階級の出身であった。次に、このプログラムの利用者は定着しにくいようである。これに関しては、本研究から、公共政策が、利用者に配慮した一貫した計画に基づいていることと、強力な地方自治体によって主導されることがいかに重要であるかが示される。

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Leroy & Guillaume Bailly & Gérald Billard, 2023. "Introducing carsharing schemes in low‐density areas: The case of the outskirts of Le Mans (France)," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 239-255, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:239-255
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12523
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12523
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/rsp3.12523?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mimi Sheller & John Urry, 2000. "The City and the Car," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(4), pages 737-757, December.
    2. Prieto, Marc & Baltas, George & Stan, Valentina, 2017. "Car sharing adoption intention in urban areas: What are the key sociodemographic drivers?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 218-227.
    3. Hansson, Lisa, 2020. "Public administrators’ roles in the policy adaptation of transport directives: How knowledge is created and reproduced," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 208-216.
    4. Rotaris, Lucia & Danielis, Romeo, 2018. "The role for carsharing in medium to small-sized towns and in less-densely populated rural areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 49-62.
    5. Julie Bulteau & Thierry Feuillet & Sophie Dantan, 2019. "Carpooling and carsharing for commuting in the Paris region: A comprehensive exploration of the individual and contextual correlates of their uses," Post-Print hal-02113257, HAL.
    6. Stefan Illgen & Michael Höck, 2020. "Establishing car sharing services in rural areas: a simulation-based fleet operations analysis," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 811-826, April.
    7. Clewlow, Regina R., 2016. "Carsharing and sustainable travel behavior: Results from the San Francisco Bay Area," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 158-164.
    8. Martin, Elliot & Shaheen, Susan, 2011. "The Impact of Carsharing on Household Vehicle Ownership," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7w58646d, University of California Transportation Center.
    9. Namazu, Michiko & MacKenzie, Don & Zerriffi, Hisham & Dowlatabadi, Hadi, 2018. "Is carsharing for everyone? Understanding the diffusion of carsharing services," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 189-199.
    10. Becker, Henrik & Ciari, Francesco & Axhausen, Kay W., 2017. "Comparing car-sharing schemes in Switzerland: User groups and usage patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 17-29.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Burghard, Uta & Scherrer, Aline, 2022. "Sharing vehicles or sharing rides - Psychological factors influencing the acceptance of carsharing and ridepooling in Germany," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    2. Rüdiger Hahn & Felix Ostertag & Adrian Lehr & Marion Büttgen & Sabine Benoit, 2020. "“I like it, but I don't use it”: Impact of carsharing business models on usage intentions in the sharing economy," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 1404-1418, March.
    3. Weibo Li & Maria Kamargianni, 2020. "Steering short-term demand for car-sharing: a mode choice and policy impact analysis by trip distance," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(5), pages 2233-2265, October.
    4. Thurner, Thomas & Fursov, Konstantin & Nefedova, Alena, 2022. "Early adopters of new transportation technologies: Attitudes of Russia’s population towards car sharing, the electric car and autonomous driving," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 403-417.
    5. Papu Carrone, Andrea & Hoening, Valerie Maria & Jensen, Anders Fjendbo & Mabit, Stefan Eriksen & Rich, Jeppe, 2020. "Understanding car sharing preferences and mode substitution patterns: A stated preference experiment," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 139-147.
    6. Lucia Rotaris, 2021. "Carsharing Services in Italy: Trends and Innovations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    7. Golalikhani, Masoud & Oliveira, Beatriz Brito & Carravilla, Maria Antónia & Oliveira, José Fernando & Antunes, António Pais, 2021. "Carsharing: A review of academic literature and business practices toward an integrated decision-support framework," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Tzu-Ying Chen & Rong-Chang Jou & Yi-Chang Chiu, 2021. "Using the Multilevel Random Effect Model to Analyze the Behavior of Carpool Users in Different Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, January.
    9. Doll, Claus & Krauss, Konstantin, 2022. "Nachhaltige Mobilität und innovative Geschäftsmodelle," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 10-2022, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
    10. Eva Malichová & Ghadir Pourhashem & Tatiana Kováčiková & Martin Hudák, 2020. "Users’ Perception of Value of Travel Time and Value of Ridesharing Impacts on Europeans’ Ridesharing Participation Intention: A Case Study Based on MoTiV European-Wide Mobility and Behavioral Pattern ," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.
    11. Qian Duan & Xin Ye & Jian Li & Ke Wang, 2020. "Empirical Modeling Analysis of Potential Commute Demand for Carsharing in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    12. Diana, Marco & Chicco, Andrea, 2022. "The spatial reconfiguration of parking demand due to car sharing diffusion: a simulated scenario for the cities of Milan and Turin (Italy)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    13. Silvestri, Alessandro & Foudi, Sébastien & Galarraga, Ibon & Ansuategi, Alberto, 2021. "The contribution of carsharing to low carbon mobility: Complementarity and substitution with other modes," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    14. Cen Zhang & Jan-Dirk Schmöcker & Martin Trépanier, 2022. "Latent stage model for carsharing usage frequency estimation with Montréal case study," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 185-211, February.
    15. Vanduy Tran & Shengchuan Zhao & El Bachir Diop & Weiya Song, 2019. "Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    16. Karla Münzel & Laura Piscicelli & Wouter Boon & Koen Frenken, 2018. "Different business models - different users? Uncovering the motives and characteristics of B2C and P2P carsharing adopters," Innovation Studies Utrecht (ISU) working paper series 18-01, Utrecht University, Department of Innovation Studies, revised Sep 2018.
    17. Zhang, Cen & Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk & Kuwahara, Masahiro & Nakamura, Toshiyuki & Uno, Nobuhiro, 2020. "A diffusion model for estimating adoption patterns of a one-way carsharing system in its initial years," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 135-150.
    18. Yoon-Young Chun & Mitsutaka Matsumoto & Kiyotaka Tahara & Kenichiro Chinen & Hideki Endo, 2019. "Exploring Factors Affecting Car Sharing Use Intention in the Southeast-Asia Region: A Case Study in Java, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-26, September.
    19. Wei Zhou & Haixia Wang & Victor Shi & Xiding Chen, 2022. "A Decision Model for Free-Floating Car-Sharing Providers for Sustainable and Resilient Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    20. Narayanan, Santhanakrishnan & Antoniou, Constantinos, 2022. "Expansion of a small-scale car-sharing service: A multi-method framework for demand characterization and derivation of policy insights," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:239-255. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1757-7802 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.