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Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk

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  • Zhengyan Li
  • David M. Konisky

Abstract

Individuals' risk perceptions shape their attitudes and behaviors, and to the extent that governments respond to public demands, they also influence public policy priorities. Conversely, risk misperceptions—that is, when risk perceptions do not align with realities—may lead to suboptimal behaviors and inefficient public policy. This study investigates the phenomena of environmental risk misperceptions. Specifically, with an original survey that enables a direct comparison of perceived and actual environmental risks at the local level, it examines the relationships between personal attributes and risk misperceptions. The findings show that individuals exhibit optimism bias in assessing local environmental risk. On average, people rank their communities as experiencing less risk from toxic air pollution than objective measures suggest. Moreover, Whites, males, conservatives, and older people tend to have larger optimism bias and have lower chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their counterparts, respectively, while respondents who are married, poor, who go to church regularly, and have strong pro‐environmental orientation, tend to have smaller optimism bias and have higher chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their respective counterparts. The systematic misperception of local environmental risk underscores the importance of information provision and risk communication, and the sociopolitical correlates of misperception suggest that targeted and more nuanced strategies are required to correct misperceptions. Las percepciones de riesgo de las personas dan forma a sus actitudes y comportamientos, y en la medida en que los gobiernos responden a las demandas públicas, también influyen en las prioridades de las políticas públicas. Por el contrario, las percepciones erróneas del riesgo, es decir, cuando las percepciones del riesgo no se alinean con la realidad, pueden conducir a comportamientos subóptimos y políticas públicas ineficientes. Este estudio investiga el fenómeno de las percepciones erróneas del riesgo ambiental. Específicamente, con una encuesta original que permite una comparación directa de los riesgos ambientales percibidos y reales a nivel local, examina las relaciones entre los atributos personales y las percepciones erróneas del riesgo. Los hallazgos muestran que los individuos exhiben un sesgo de optimismo al evaluar el riesgo ambiental local. En promedio, las personas clasifican a sus comunidades como las que experimentan menos riesgo de contaminación tóxica del aire de lo que sugieren las medidas objetivas. Además, los blancos, los hombres, los conservadores y las personas mayores tienden a tener un mayor sesgo de optimismo y tienen menos posibilidades de poseer percepciones de riesgo correctas que sus contrapartes, respectivamente, mientras que los encuestados que están casados, son pobres, asisten a la iglesia con regularidad y tienen un fuerte perfil profesional. ‐orientación ambiental, tienden a tener menor sesgo de optimismo y tienen mayores posibilidades de poseer percepciones de riesgo correctas que sus respectivas contrapartes. La percepción errónea sistemática del riesgo ambiental local subraya la importancia del suministro de información y la comunicación del riesgo, y los correlatos sociopolíticos de la percepción errónea sugieren que se requieren estrategias específicas y más matizadas para corregir las percepciones erróneas. 个体的风险感知会影响其态度和行为,并且就政府对公众需求的响应而言,个体风险感知也影响公共政策重点。相反,风险错误感知(risk misperceptions)——即当风险感知与现实不符时——可能会导致次优行为和低效的公共政策。本研究调查了环境风险错误感知的现象。具体而言,本研究通过一项能够直接比较地方层面的感知环境风险和实际环境风险的原始调查,分析了个人属性和风险错误感知之间的关系。研究结果表明,个人在评估地方环境风险时表现出乐观偏差。平均而言,人们认为其社区遭受有毒空气污染的风险比客观测量所表明的要小。此外,白人、男性、保守派和老年人往往拥有更大的乐观偏差,持有正确风险感知的可能性更低,而已婚、贫穷、定期去教堂、有强烈的支持环境导向的受访者往往拥有较小的乐观偏差,并且拥有正确风险认知的可能性更高。对地方环境风险的系统性错误感知强调了信息提供和风险传播的重要性,而错误感知的社会政治相关表明,需要具有针对性和更细微的策略来纠正错误感知。

Suggested Citation

  • Zhengyan Li & David M. Konisky, 2023. "Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 119-152, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:1:p:119-152
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12504
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    1. Nils C. Bandelow & Johanna Hornung & Ilana Schröder, 2023. "Policy responses and public reactions to risks," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(1), pages 6-9, January.

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