IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/kyklos/v40y1987i3p338-348.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

On the Treatment of Income Tax Rates in Empirical Analysis of Tax Evasion

Author

Listed:
  • STEVEN E. CRANE
  • FARROKH NOURZAD

Abstract

In this paper, it is argued that average tax rates exert an influence on income tax evasion separate from, and opposite to that of marginal tax rates. Failure to account for this effect in empirical evasion models biases the parameter estimate of the marginal rate in a predictable manner. Evidence from an aggregate empirical model of evasion in the US indicates that the marginal tax rate is positively related to evasion, whereas the average tax rate is negatively related. Further, exclusion of the average rate from the model does in fact bias the parameter estimate of the marginal tax rate. Im Artikel wird gezeigt, dass durchschnittliche Steuersätze einen Einfluss auf die Umgehung von Einkommenssteuern haben und dass die Wirkung nicht in die gleiche Richtung verläuft wie jene von Grenzsteuersätzen. Wird dies in empirischen «Steuerumgehungsmodellen» nicht berücksichtigt, wird der Schätzwert für den Grenzsteuersatz in vorhersehbarer Weise verzerrt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse eines «Steuerumgehungsmodells» für die USA zeigen, dass der Grenzsteuersatz mit der Umgehung von Steuern positiv korreliert ist, der durchschnittliche Steuersatz hingegen negativ. Wenn der durchschnittliche Steuersatz im Modell nicht berücksichtigt wird, resultiert für den Einfluss des Grenzsteuersatzes tatsächlich ein verzerrter Schätzwert. Dans ce mémoire, l'on soutient que les taux moyens d'imposition exercent sur l'évasion fiscale dans l'impôt sur le revenu, une influence distincte de, et opposée à celle des taux marginaux d'imposition. Ne pas tenir compte de cet effet dans les modèles empiriques d'évasion, biaise l'estimation des paramètres du taux marginal d'une manière prévisible. L'évidence à partir d'un modèle empirique global d'évasion, aux Etats‐Unis indique que le taux marginal d'imposition est relié positivement, alors que le taux moyen d'imposition est relié négativement, à l'évasion fiscale. En outre, l'estimation des paramètres du taux marginal est en effet biaisée si l'on exclut le taux moyen du modèle.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven E. Crane & Farrokh Nourzad, 1987. "On the Treatment of Income Tax Rates in Empirical Analysis of Tax Evasion," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 338-348, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:40:y:1987:i:3:p:338-348
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00684.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00684.x
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1987.tb00684.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Torgler, Benno & Schneider, Friedrich & Schaltegger, Christoph A., 2007. "With or Against the People? The Impact of a Bottom-Up Approach on Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series qt6331x6vz, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics.
    2. Richard J. Cebula, 2014. "The underground economy in the U.S.A.: preliminary new evidence on the impact of income tax rates (and other factors) on aggregate tax evasion 1975-2008," PSL Quarterly Review, Economia civile, vol. 67(271), pages 451-481.
    3. L. S. Di Mauro & A. Pluchino & A. E. Biondo, 2018. "A Game of Tax Evasion: evidences from an agent-based model," Papers 1809.08146, arXiv.org.
    4. Benno Torgler & Jan Werner, 2005. "Fiscal Autonomy and Tax Morale: Evidence from Germany," CREMA Working Paper Series 2005-07, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    5. Benno Torgler & Friedrich Schneider & Christoph Schaltegger, 2010. "Local autonomy, tax morale, and the shadow economy," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 144(1), pages 293-321, July.
    6. Gideon Yaniv, 2013. "Tax Evasion, Conspicuous Consumption, and the Income Tax Rate," Public Finance Review, , vol. 41(3), pages 302-316, May.
    7. A. E. Biondo & G. Burgio & A. Pluchino & D. Puglisi, 2022. "Taxation and evasion: a dynamic model," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 797-826, July.
    8. Lee, Kangoh, 2001. "Tax evasion and self-insurance," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(1), pages 73-81, July.
    9. Benno Torgler & Friedrich Schneider & Christoph Schaltegger, 2010. "Local autonomy, tax morale, and the shadow economy," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 144(1), pages 293-321, July.
    10. Benno Torgler & Jan Werner, 2005. "Tax Morale and Fiscal Autonomy: Evidence from Germany," Working Papers 03-2005, Institute of Local Public Finance.
    11. Bernasconi, Michele & Corazzini, Luca & Seri, Raffaello, 2014. "Reference dependent preferences, hedonic adaptation and tax evasion: Does the tax burden matter?," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 103-118.
    12. Pommerehne, Werner W. & Frey, Bruno S., 1992. "The effects of tax administration on tax morale," Discussion Papers, Series II 191, University of Konstanz, Collaborative Research Centre (SFB) 178 "Internationalization of the Economy".
    13. Benno Torgler & Christoph A. Schaltegger, 2005. "Tax Amnesties and Political Participation," Public Finance Review, , vol. 33(3), pages 403-431, May.
    14. Benno Torgler, 2003. "Tax Morale and Institutions," CREMA Working Paper Series 2003-09, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    15. Kurauone, Ophias & Kong, Yusheng & Sun, Huaping & Muzamhindo, Simbarashe & Famba, Takuriramunashe & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2021. "The effects of International Financial Reporting Standards, auditing and legal enforcement on tax evasion: Evidence from 37 African countries," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    16. Hannelore Weck-Hannemann & Werner W. Pommerehne, 1989. "Einkommensteuerhinterziehung in der Schweiz: Eine empirische Analyse," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 125(IV), pages 515-556, December.
    17. Michele Bernasconi, Luca Corazzini, Raffaello Seri, 2012. "Tax Evasion: Does the Tax Burden Matter?," ISLA Working Papers 43, ISLA, Centre for research on Latin American Studies and Transition Economies, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    18. Trandel, Greg & Snow, Arthur, 1999. "Progressive income taxation and the underground economy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 217-222, February.
    19. Torgler, Benno & Schneider, Friedrich & Schaltegger, Christoph A., 2007. "With or Against the People? The Impact of a Bottom-Up Approach on Tax Morale and the Shadow Economy," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series qt6331x6vz, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:40:y:1987:i:3:p:338-348. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0023-5962 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.