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Modeling Clustered Ordered Categorical Data: A Survey

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  • Alan Agresti
  • Ranjini Natarajan

Abstract

This article surveys various strategies for modeling ordered categorical (ordinal) response variables when the data have some type of clustering, extending a similar survey for binary data by Pendergast, Gange, Newton, Lindstrom, Palta & Fisher (1996). An important special case is when repeated measurement occurs at various occasions for each subject, such as in longitudinal studies. A much greater variety of models and fitting methods are available than when a similar survey for repeated ordinal response data was prepared a decade ago (Agresti, 1989). The primary emphasis of the review is on two classes of models, marginal models for which effects are averaged over all clusters at particular levels of predictors, and cluster‐specific models for which effects apply at the cluster level. We present the two types of models in the ordinal context, review the literature for each, and discuss connections between them. Then, we summarize some alternative modeling approaches and ways of estimating parameters, including a Bayesian approach. We also discuss applications and areas likely to be popular for future research, such as ways of handling missing data and ways of modeling agreement and evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Finally, we review the current availability of software for using the methods discussed in this article. Cet article passe en revue diverses stratégies pour la modélisation de variables de réponse qualitatives et ordinales, quand les donées présentent des phénoménes de grappes. II prolonge une étude similaire réalisée pour les variables dichtomiques par Pendergast et al (1996). Les mesures répétées à plusieurs reprises pour chaque individu, par exemple dans les études longitudinales, constituent un cas particulier important. II existe à présent une variété beaucoup plus grande de modèles et de méthodes d'ajustement, que lors de la rélisation d'une étude similarire pour les variables ordinales et répétées il ya une dizaine d'années (Agresti, 1989). II est mis particulièrement l'accent sur deux Deux types de modèles, les modèles, marginaux pour lesquels on prend la moyenne des effets sur toutes les grappes pour des niveaux donnés des variables explicatives, et les modèles, par grappes pour lesquels les effets sont pris en compte au niveau de chaque grappe.Nous présentons les deux types de modèles, dans le cas de variables ordinales, brosons un panorama de la littérature pour chacun des deux types, et discutons les relations entre eux. Puis nous réurmons d'autres approches pour la modélisation et l'estimation de paramètres, notamment une approche bayésienne, Nous discutons aussi de applications et des domaines qui devraien susciter de nouvelles rechlles recherches, par exemple les méthodes de trailtement des données manquantes ou d'éualuation de l'exactitude de tests. Enfin, nous considérons la disponibilité actuelle de logiciesl pour mettre en oeuvre les méthodes discutées dans cet article.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan Agresti & Ranjini Natarajan, 2001. "Modeling Clustered Ordered Categorical Data: A Survey," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 69(3), pages 345-371, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:istatr:v:69:y:2001:i:3:p:345-371
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2001.tb00463.x
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    2. Zefeng Lian & Binyi Liu & Robert D. Brown, 2023. "Exploring the Predictive Potential of Physiological Measures of Human Thermal Strain in Outdoor Environments in Hot and Humid Areas in Summer—A Case Study of Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Connie Svob & Eleanor Murphy & Priya J. Wickramaratne & Marc J. Gameroff & Ardesheer Talati & Milenna T. van Dijk & Tenzin Yangchen & Myrna M. Weissman, 2023. "Pre- and Post-Pandemic Religiosity and Mental Health Outcomes: A Prospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-14, May.
    4. Brajendra C. Sutradhar, 2018. "Semi-parametric Dynamic Models for Longitudinal Ordinal Categorical Data," Sankhya A: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 80(1), pages 80-109, February.
    5. Domenico Piccolo & Rosaria Simone, 2019. "The class of cub models: statistical foundations, inferential issues and empirical evidence," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 28(3), pages 389-435, September.
    6. Nádia Simões & Nuno Crespo & Sandrina B. Moreira & Celeste A. Varum, 2016. "Measurement and determinants of health poverty and richness: evidence from Portugal," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1331-1358, June.
    7. Li, Yonghai & Schafer, Daniel W., 2008. "Likelihood analysis of the multivariate ordinal probit regression model for repeated ordinal responses," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(7), pages 3474-3492, March.
    8. Högberg, Hans & Svensson, Elisabeth, 2008. "An Overview of Methods in the Analysis of Dependent ordered catagorical Data: Assumptions and Implications," Working Papers 2008:7, Örebro University, School of Business.
    9. Brajendra C Sutradhar, 2018. "A Parameter Dimension-Split Based Asymptotic Regression Estimation Theory for a Multinomial Panel Data Model," Sankhya A: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 80(2), pages 301-329, August.
    10. Parsons, Nick R. & Costa, Matthew L. & Achten, Juul & Stallard, Nigel, 2009. "Repeated measures proportional odds logistic regression analysis of ordinal score data in the statistical software package R," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 632-641, January.
    11. Simone, Rosaria & Tutz, Gerhard & Iannario, Maria, 2020. "Subjective heterogeneity in response attitude for multivariate ordinal outcomes," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 145-158.
    12. Jokinen, Jukka, 2006. "Fast estimation algorithm for likelihood-based analysis of repeated categorical responses," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 1509-1522, December.
    13. Carlos Alberto GÓMEZ SILVA, 2014. "Clasificación de colegios según las Pruebas SABER 11 del ICFES en el Período 2001-2011: un Análisis Longitudinal a Través del Uso de Modelos Marginales (MM)," Archivos de Economía 12314, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    14. Högberg, Hans & Svensson, Elisabeth, 2008. "Comparison of methods in the analysis of dependent ordered catagorical data," Working Papers 2008:6, Örebro University, School of Business.
    15. Nooraee, Nazanin & Molenberghs, Geert & van den Heuvel, Edwin R., 2014. "GEE for longitudinal ordinal data: Comparing R-geepack, R-multgee, R-repolr, SAS-GENMOD, SPSS-GENLIN," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 70-83.
    16. Russo, Massimiliano & Durante, Daniele & Scarpa, Bruno, 2018. "Bayesian inference on group differences in multivariate categorical data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 136-149.
    17. Dipankar Bandyopadhyay & Antonio Canale, 2016. "Non-parametric spatial models for clustered ordered periodontal data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 65(4), pages 619-640, August.

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