IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ijurrs/v32y2008i3p565-585.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Unusual Clique of City‐Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950–75)

Author

Listed:
  • MONA FAWAZ

Abstract

This article documents the early development of an informal settlement in Beirut (Lebanon) through the trajectories of the developers who participated in its production, looking specifically at the role that social networks played in the process. Drawing primarily on the methodological approach developed by Pierre Bourdieu, my analysis reveals that social networks play a central role as conduits for developers to access the necessary housing ingredients and market securities they need to conduct their businesses. Social networks also function as accumulated capital, enabling developers to strengthen their hold over the production of housing in the neighborhood. My analysis also indicates that while some of these networks were inherited, many were built through patient investments deployed by these developers within the changing limitations of the micro (neighborhood) and macro (city‐wide) contexts. Finally, the changing distribution of social networks in this neighborhood determined when and how different social agents were able to participate as developers in the production and exchange of housing. These findings are important since they generate new insights into how (informal land) markets work, the practices of developers in this type of neighborhood, as well as the yet unstudied mechanisms of informal housing production in the Lebanese context. Résumé Cet article, qui présente la création d’un quartier informel de Beyrouth (Liban) au travers des trajectoires adoptées par les promoteurs ayant pris part à sa production, s’intéresse au rôle des réseaux sociaux dans ce processus. Utilisant principalement l’approche méthodologique de Pierre Bourdieu, l’analyse révèle que les réseaux sociaux jouent un rôle central comme canaux permettant aux promoteurs d’accéder aux ressources et aux cautionnements du marché dont ils ont besoin pour mener leur activité. Par ailleurs, les réseaux sociaux sont accumulés telle une forme de capital, ce qui permet aux promoteurs d’accentuer leur mainmise sur la production d’habitations dans le quartier. De plus, il apparaît que, si certains de ces réseaux ont été hérités, d’autres sont le fruit de patients investissements de ces promoteurs malgré les conditions changeantes des environnements micro (quartier) et macro (ville). Pour finir, la répartition évolutive des réseaux sociaux dans ce quartier a déterminé quand et comment les différents agents sociaux ont été en mesure de participer à la production et à l’échange d’habitations en tant que promoteurs. Ces résultats sont importants puisqu’ils ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur les modes opératoires des marchés (fonciers informels), les pratiques des promoteurs dans ce type de quartier, ainsi que les mécanismes de production d’habitat informel dans le contexte libanais, mécanismes qui n’ont jamais étéétudiés.

Suggested Citation

  • Mona Fawaz, 2008. "An Unusual Clique of City‐Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950–75)," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 565-585, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:3:p:565-585
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ayse Pamuk, 2000. "Informal Institutional Arrangements in Credit, Land Markets and Infrastructure Delivery in Trinidad," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 379-396, June.
    2. Foley, Michael W. & Edwards, Bob, 1999. "Is It Time to Disinvest in Social Capital?," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(2), pages 141-173, May.
    3. Ayse Pamuk, 2000. "Informal Institutional Arrangements in Credit, Land Markets and Infrastructure Delivery in Trinidad," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 379-496, June.
    4. Omar M. Razzaz, 1993. "Examining Property Rights and Investment in Informal Settlements: The Case of Jordan," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 69(4), pages 341-355.
    5. Ann Varley, 2002. "Private or public: debating the meaning of tenure legalization," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 449-461, September.
    6. Mark Granovetter, 2005. "The Impact of Social Structure on Economic Outcomes," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 33-50, Winter.
    7. Manya M. Mooya & Chris E. Cloete, 2007. "Informal Urban Property Markets and Poverty Alleviation: A Conceptual Framework," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(1), pages 147-165, January.
    8. Assaad, Ragui, 1997. "Kinship ties, social networks, and segmented labor markets: evidence from the construction sector in Egypt," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-30, February.
    9. Costis Hadjimichalis, 2006. "Non‐Economic Factors in Economic Geography and in ‘New Regionalism’: A Sympathetic Critique," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 690-704, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mona Fawaz, 2017. "Exceptions and the actually existing practice of planning: Beirut (Lebanon) as case study," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(8), pages 1938-1955, June.
    2. Samaha, Petra & Mohtar, Amer, 2020. "Decoding an urban myth: An inquiry into the Van line 4 system in Beirut, Lebanon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jean‐Louis Van Gelder, 2009. "Legal Tenure Security, Perceived Tenure Security and Housing Improvement in Buenos Aires: An Attempt towards Integration," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 126-146, March.
    2. Manya M. Mooya & Chris E. Cloete, 2007. "Informal Urban Property Markets and Poverty Alleviation: A Conceptual Framework," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(1), pages 147-165, January.
    3. Lin, Wanlin & Lin, George C.S., 2023. "Strategizing actors and agents in the functioning of informal property Rights: The tragicomedy of the extralegal housing market in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    4. Dufhues, Thomas & Buchenrieder, Gertrud & Fischer, Isabel, 2006. "Social capital and rural development: literature review and current state of the art [Sozialkapital und ländliche Entwicklung: Literaturüberblick und gegenwärtiger Stand der Forschung]," IAMO Discussion Papers 96, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    5. repec:zbw:iamodp:92017 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Petr Vymětal & Milan Žák, 2005. "Instituce a výkonnost [Institutions and performance]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2005(4), pages 545-566.
    7. Fuxiu Jiang & Xiaojia Zheng & Wei Tang, 2018. "Non-family chair and corporate performance," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-30, December.
    8. Megan K Blake & Susan Hanson, 2005. "Rethinking Innovation: Context and Gender," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 37(4), pages 681-701, April.
    9. Agheyisi, Justin Eduviere, 2019. "Inter-communal land conflicts in Benin City, Nigeria: Exploring the root causes in the context of customary land supply," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 532-542.
    10. Olokoyo, Felicia O. & George, Tayo O. & Efobi, Uchenna & Beecroft, Ibukun, 2014. "Land Deals, Household Attributes and Quality of Life: The Untold Story from a Rural Community in Nigeria," Conference papers 332458, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    11. Fergus Lyon, 2003. "Trader associations and urban food systems in Ghana: institutionalist approaches to understanding urban collective action," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(1), pages 11-23, March.
    12. Ramin Keivani & Michael Mattingly & Hamid Majedi, 2008. "Public Management of Urban Land, Enabling Markets and Low-income Housing Provision: The Overlooked Experience of Iran," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(9), pages 1825-1853, August.
    13. Brown, Philip & Roper, Simon, 2017. "Innovation and networks in New Zealand farming," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 61(3), July.
    14. Kong, Dongmin & Pan, Yue & Tian, Gary Gang & Zhang, Pengdong, 2020. "CEOs' hometown connections and access to trade credit: Evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    15. Antonio Bubbico, 2013. "Administrative Continuity: Enhancer or Constraint for Regional Governments' Efficiency?," ERSA conference papers ersa13p493, European Regional Science Association.
    16. Franzini, Maurizio & Raitano, Michele, 2019. "Earnings inequality and workers’ skills in Italy," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 215-224.
    17. Sabatini, Fabio, 2005. "Social capital, labour precariousness and the economic performance. An empirical assessment of the strength of weak ties in Italy," AICCON Working Papers 26-2005, Associazione Italiana per la Cultura della Cooperazione e del Non Profit.
    18. Katarzyna Growiec & Jakub Growiec & Bogumil Kaminski, 2017. "Social Network Structure and The Trade-Off Between Social Utility and Economic Performance," KAE Working Papers 2017-026, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
    19. Fabio Sabatini, 2006. "Social Capital and Labour Productivity in Italy," Working Papers 2006.30, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    20. Monika Streule & Ozan Karaman & Lindsay Sawyer & Christian Schmid, 2020. "Popular Urbanization: Conceptualizing Urbanization Processes Beyond Informality," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 652-672, July.
    21. Chenhall, Robert H. & Hall, Matthew & Smith, David, 2010. "Social capital and management control systems: A study of a non-government organization," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 737-756, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:3:p:565-585. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0309-1317 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.