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Everyday Urbanization: The Social Dynamics of Development in Manila’s Extended Metropolitan Region

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  • Philip F. Kelly

Abstract

Attempts at understanding the urbanization process in Southeast Asia have, in recent years, focused on the emergence of extended metropolitan regions around primate cities. Many have argued that with a landscape of intensively mixed ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ activities, such regions represent a distinctive Asian form of urbanization and a challenge to the conventional urban‐rural dualism. The implication, both in theoretical and policy terms, is that such regions of mixed land use form new ‘urban’ landscapes that will persist into the future on the basis of balanced ‘agro‐industrial’ development. Drawing on fieldwork in a town on Manila’s agricultural periphery, this paper argues that such understandings present a static view of these regions, limited by macro‐level data and analysis. A more ethnographic understanding of the social processes of ‘everyday urbanization’ at the interface of the ‘urban’ and the ‘rural’ dispels any sense of a stable rural‐urban landscape or balanced development. The evidence points to an incompatibility of functions leading to the gradual ‘squeezing out’ of agriculture due to a changing economic calculus in agricultural households brought on by labour market shifts; environmental conflicts between agricultural and urban‐industrial activities; social and cultural transformations in rural society; a political framework of bureaucratic corruption in the regulation of urbanization; and the influence of personalized power relations in agrarian society. — Ces dernières années, les efforts pour comprendre le processus d’urbanisation en Asie du sud‐est se sont concentrés sur la naissance des régions métropolitaines étendues autour des cités centrales. Beaucoup soutiennent que ces régions, avec leurs paysages d’activités ‘rurales’ et ‘urbaines’ intensivement mélangées, représentent une forme d’urbanisation typiquement asiatique et mettent la dualité traditionnelle urbain‐rural en question. L’implication, théoriquement et politiquement, est que de telles régions, avec leur utilisation mixte du terrain, forment de nouveaux paysages ‘urbains’ qui persisteront dans l’avenir sur une base de développement ‘agro‐industriel’. Basé sur un travail de terrain dans une ville de la périphérie agricole de Manille, cet article soutient que de telles approches présentent une vue statique de ces régions, limitée par des données et une analyse de niveau macroscopique. Une approche plus ethnographique des processus sociaux de ‘l’urbanisation de tous les jours’ au point de rencontre du ‘rural’ et de l’urbain’ dissipe toute impression d’un paysage rural‐urbain stable ou d’un développement équilibré. Les données font ressortir une incompatibilité de fonction causant un ‘écrasement’ graduel de l’agriculture dûà un calcul économique changeant dans les ménages agricoles occasionné par les changements du marché du travail; des conflits de l’environnement entre les activités agricoles et les activités urbaines‐industrielles; des transformations sociales et culturelles dans la société rurale; une structure politique de corruption bureaucratique de la réglementation de l’urbanisation; et l’influence des relations personnelles de pouvoir dans la société agraire

Suggested Citation

  • Philip F. Kelly, 1999. "Everyday Urbanization: The Social Dynamics of Development in Manila’s Extended Metropolitan Region," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 283-303, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:23:y:1999:i:2:p:283-303
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00196
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    Cited by:

    1. Edsel E. Sajor & Rutmanee Ongsakul, 2007. "Mixed Land Use and Equity in Water Governance in Peri‐Urban Bangkok," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 782-801, December.
    2. Rigg, Jonathan, 2006. "Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the Rural South," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 180-202, January.
    3. Nhung Pham Thi & Martin Kappas & Daniel Wyss, 2020. "Benefits and Constraints of the Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization for Household Gender Equality in Affected Rural Communes: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietn," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Lieba Faier, 2021. "Planetary Urban Involution In The Tokyo Suburbs," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 630-642, July.
    5. Philip F. Kelly, 2003. "Urbanization and the Politics of Land in the Manila Region," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 590(1), pages 170-187, November.

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