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The Global Dimension of the CAP Debate: Between a Rock and a Hard Place

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  • Tassos Haniotis

Abstract

Exuberant expectations about what EU agriculture can and should deliver in policy areas beyond its scope often contrast sharply with both farm realities and contradictions in the behaviour of individuals as citizens and consumers. This has polarised the CAP policy debate, and erroneously pushes for a choice between prioritising either climate action or food security. Recent developments, including the war in Ukraine, added to concerns about uncertain and volatile future price prospects. Food price prospects and population growth impacts are pivotal in the debate about food security as higher food costs, prospects for higher energy costs driven by the green transition and increasing income inequalities put households in both developed and the developing world at risk with respect to food affordability. Adding trends of global population growth, especially in Africa, creates a clear challenge of availability in certain products and regions. The EU's underestimated and misunderstood record of producing more with less could help EU agriculture to positively contribute to addressing both food security and climate change. However, further improving its performance requires re‐opening the debate in three priority areas where the EU must come clear on its stance and future contribution – productivity, science and trade. Les attentes débordantes quant à ce que l'agriculture de l'Union européenne (UE) peut et devrait apporter dans des domaines de la politique qui dépassent son champ d'action contrastent souvent fortement avec les réalités agricoles et les contradictions dans le comportement des individus en tant que citoyens et consommateurs. Cela a polarisé le débat sur la PAC et pousse à tort à choisir entre la priorité accordée à l'action climatique ou à la sécurité alimentaire. Les développements récents, y compris la guerre en Ukraine, ont renforcé les inquiétudes concernant les incertitudes et la volatilité sur les perspectives de prix. Les perspectives des prix des denrées alimentaires et les impacts de la croissance démographique sont au cœur du débat sur la sécurité alimentaire, car la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires, les perspectives de hausse des coûts de l'énergie induites par la transition verte, et l'augmentation des inégalités de revenus exposent les ménages des pays développés et en développement à des risques en matière d'accessibilité alimentaire. Ajouté aux tendances de la croissance démographique mondiale, en particulier en Afrique, cela pose clairement un défi pour la disponibilité de certains produits et dans certaines régions. La capacité sous‐estimée et mal comprise de l'UE de produire plus avec moins pourrait aider son agriculture à contribuer positivement à la fois à la sécurité alimentaire et au changement climatique. Toutefois, pour améliorer encore les performances du secteur, il faut rouvrir le débat dans trois domaines prioritaires dans lesquels l'UE doit être très claire sur sa position et sa contribution future: la productivité, la science et le commerce. Es gibt überschwängliche Erwartungen an das, was die Europäische Landwirtschaft in Politikbereichen, die nicht in ihren Zuständigkeitsbereich fallen, leisten kann und sollte. Sie stehen oft in einem starken Gegensatz zu den Realitäten in der Landwirtschaft und den Widersprüchen im Verhalten jedes Einzelnen. Dies hat zu einer Polarisierung der GAP‐Debatte beigetragen und führt fälschlicherweise dazu, entweder dem Klimaschutz oder der Ernährungssicherheit Vorrang einzuräumen. Die jüngsten Entwicklungen, einschließlich des Krieges in der Ukraine, haben die Besorgnis über die unsicheren und volatilen Preisaussichten noch verstärkt. Die zukünftigen Lebensmittelpreise und die Auswirkungen des Bevölkerungswachstums sind in der Debatte über die Ernährungssicherheit von zentraler Bedeutung. So gefährden höhere Lebensmittelkosten und steigende Energiekosten aufgrund der grünen Wende sowie die zunehmenden Einkommensunterschiede die Bezahlbarkeit von Lebensmitteln in den Industrieländern und auch in Entwicklungsländern. Wenn darüber hinaus die Trends des weltweiten Bevölkerungswachstums, insbesondere in Afrika, betrachtet werden, dann ist die Verfügbarkeit bestimmter Produkte in einzelnen Regionen eine große Herausforderung. Die unterschätzte und verkannte Leistung der EU, mit weniger mehr zu produzieren, könnte der Europäischen Landwirtschaft helfen, einen positiven Beitrag zur Ernährungssicherheit und zum Klimawandel zu leisten. Um diese Leistung weiter zu verbessern, muss jedoch die Debatte in drei Bereichen neu eröffnet werden, in denen die EU ihre Haltung und ihren künftigen Beitrag deutlich machen muss: Produktivität, Wissenschaft und Handel.

Suggested Citation

  • Tassos Haniotis, 2023. "The Global Dimension of the CAP Debate: Between a Rock and a Hard Place," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(2), pages 28-35, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:22:y:2023:i:2:p:28-35
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12402
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    1. John Baffes & Tassos Haniotis, 2016. "What Explains Agricultural Price Movements?," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(3), pages 706-721, September.
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